Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Banikoara’da Baribalar ve Fulbéler Arasındaki Açık Krizlere Karşı Bir Siper Olarak Şaka İlişkisi

Year 2023, Issue: 3, 79 - 98, 16.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/IAR2023-1400500

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Afrika kıtasında yer alan ve 1975 yılına kadar Dahomey adıyla anılan Benin Cumhuriyeti’nin kuzey bölgesindeki Banikoara komününün iki başat demografik unsuru Baribalar ve Fulbéler arasında meydana gelen açık krizlere karşı bir siper olan şaka ilişkisini konu edinmektedir. Makale, Banikoara’da 2019 yılında katılarak gözlem, odak grup görüşmeleri ve kişisel mülakatlar yoluyla gerçekleştirilen bir etnografik alan araştırmasına dayanmaktadır. Araştırma bulguları, iki topluluk arasındaki şaka ilişkisinin karşılıklı uyum sağlama, sanal akrabalık ilişkisi ve ittifak kurma gibi toplumsal yakınlaşma süreçlerindeki önemine işaret etmektedir. Bir ata geleneği olan şakalaşma pratiği, sanal akrabalık yoluyla uyum ve ittifak örüntüleri yaratmaktadır. Şakalaşma geleneği, zaman zaman birbirleriyle çatışan Baribalar ile Fulbélerin komün içindeki komşuluk ilişkilerini kolaylaştırmaktadır.

References

  • Abeles, M. (2017). Devletin antropolojisi (N. Ökten, Çev.). İstanbul: Dipnot Yayınları. google scholar
  • Adjimoti, G. O., & Kwadzo, G. T. M. (2018). Crop diversification and household food security status: evidence from rural Benin. Agriculture & Food Security, 7(1), 1-12. google scholar
  • Alimi, R. & Faaki, V. (1998). Rapport d’etude sur la gestion alternative des conflits lies aux ressources naturelles. GERAM-Conseils. google scholar
  • Apte, M. L. (1983). Humor research, methodology, and theory in anthropology. In: P.E. McGhee & J.H. Goldstein (Eds), Handbook of Humor Research: Volume 1: Basic Issues (pp. 183-212). New York, NY: Springer New York. google scholar
  • Aydın, S. ve Erdal, Y. S. (2011). Antropoloji. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları. google scholar
  • Badahoui, A. (1996). Lapeche maritime artisanale et laproblematique de securite despecheurs au Benin. (Memoire de maîtrise en Sociologie-Anthropologie, UAC-FLASH, non publie). google scholar
  • Bako-Arıfarı N. (2006). La gestion de la violence «xenophobie» dans le jeu politique beninois, Benin: LASDEL. google scholar
  • Balaban, A.R. (1982). Evlilik ve akrabalık türleri. İzmir: Karınca Yayınları. google scholar
  • Balandier, G. (1967). Anthropologie politique. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. google scholar
  • Barnouw, V. (1975). Ethnology. London: The Dorsey Press. google scholar
  • Bio Bigou, L, B. (1987). La vallee benino-nigerienne du fleuve Niger: Population et developpement economique (These de Doctorat, Univerite de Bourgogne Dijon). google scholar
  • Boxer, D., & Cortes-Conde, F. (1997). From bonding to biting: Conversational joking and identity display. Journal ofpragmatics, 27(3), 275-294. google scholar
  • CARDER, B. (2000). Plan de gestion des pestes et pesticides. 104p. google scholar
  • Carty, J., & Musharbash, Y. (2008). You’ve got to be joking: Asserting the analytical value of humour and laughter in contemporary anthropology. Anthropological Forum, 18(3), 209-217. google scholar
  • DGAT MISD. (2001). Atlas monographique des communes du Benin, Plan de Developpement actualise de la commune de Banikoara et Programmation Physique. google scholar
  • Engels, F. ([1884] 1978). Ailenin, özel mülkiyetin ve devletin kökeni. İstanbul: Sol Yayınları. google scholar
  • Eriksen, T. H. (2009). Küçük yerler derin mevzular: Sosyal ve kültürel antropolojiye giriş. (F.Adsay, Çev.). İstanbul: Avesta Yayınları. google scholar
  • FAO (2004). The state of agriculture, agricultural biotechnology meeting the needs of the poor 222p. google scholar
  • FAO (2006). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations food aid for food security 187p. google scholar
  • Fine, G. A., & Soucey, M. D. (2005). Joking cultures: Humor themes as social regulation in group life. Humor, 18(1), 1-22. google scholar
  • Güvenç, B. (1999). İnsan ve kültür. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi. google scholar
  • Hagberg, S. (2001). Â l’ombre du conflit violent: Reglement et gestion des conflits entre agriculteurs karaboro et agro-pasteurs peul au Burkina Faso. Cahiers d’etudes africaines, 161(1), 45-72. google scholar
  • Holy, L. (2016). Antropolojinin akrabalık yaklaşımları. (Ç. Enneli, Çev.). Ankara: Heretik yayınları. google scholar
  • Kırımlı, Y. (1998). Köyde sosyal organizasyon ve sıhri hısımlık ilişkileri: Eltiler. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları. google scholar
  • Mauss, M. (1926). Parentes aplaisanterie: Texte d’une communicationpresentee a l’Institutfrançais d’anthropologie. Texte extrait de l’Annuaire de l’Ecole pratique des Hautes etudes, section des sciences religieuses, Paris. google scholar
  • Mitas, O., Yarnal, C., & Chick, G. (2012). Jokes build community: Mature tourists’ positive emotions. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(4), 1884-1905. google scholar
  • Morgan, L.H. (1877). Ancient Society. London: MacMillan & Company. google scholar
  • Nakou, S. A., Gouda, S. & Dakpo, P. (2013). Gonasiru et Gonasine entre Baatombu et Kaobu, une contribution a l’integration et au maintien de la paix sociale par les alliances et relations de parente aplaisanterie au Benin, Cotonou: Les Cahiers du CBRST. google scholar
  • Orekan, V. (2006). Effets spatiaux de la migration sur l’occupation du sol dans le bassin de l’Oueme Superieur au Benin. UVSQ, GRET, IRD, Gestion concertee des ressources naturelles et de l’environnement, Colloque GECOREV, Üniversite de. google scholar
  • Pliya, J. (1980). La peche dans le Sud-ouest du Benin: etude de geographie appliquee sur la peche continentale et maritime. Paris: Agence de cooperation culturelle et technique. google scholar
  • Ravallion M, Chen S. & Sangraula P. (2008). New evidence on the urbanization of global poverty. Population and development review, 33(4), 667-701. google scholar
  • RGPH-4. (2013). Principaux indicateurs sociodemographiques et economiques du departement de l’Alibori (INSAE) 34p google scholar
  • Schneider, J. (2000). Republique du Benin: rapport sur les pays, extrait de la documentation sur l’Afrique de l’ouest destinee aux ROE, Berne: Organisation suisse d’aide aux refugies. google scholar
  • Sissao, A, J. (2002). Alliances et parentes a plaisanterie au Burkina- faso. Mecanisme de fonctionnement et avenir sankofa et gurli editions, Burkina Faso: Sankofa & Gurli. google scholar
  • Sotindjo S. D. (2008). Perennite des structures de dependance et reproduction du sous-developpement: Le cas du Benin (ex-Dahomey) de la colonisation a aujourd’hui, Dans: Adame Ba Konare ed., Petit precis de remise a niveau sur l’histoire africaine a l’usage du president Sarkozy (pp. 227-239). Paris: La Decouverte. google scholar
  • Sounon, A. (2008). Evaluation du coût economique et financier de la degradation de l’environnement dans les zones arides au Benin: Cas des departements du Borgou et de l’Alibori, Ministere de l’Environnement et de la Protection de la Nature (MEHU). google scholar
  • Topdemir Koçyiğit O. (2023). Göç, aile ve evlilik. G. Kaya (Ed.). Cumhuriyetin göçlerle dolu 100 yılı. 100 başlıkta göç yazıları içinde (s.145-152), İzmir: Cem Yayınevi. google scholar
  • Trembley, J. M. (2002). A.R. Radcliffe-Brown (1924-1949), Structure et fonction dans la societe primitive Apartir de Traduction de Françoise et Louis Martin, Presentation et notes de Louis Martin Paris: Editions de Minuit, 1972, 317 pages. Collection: Points Sciences Humaines. google scholar

The Joking Relationship as a Bulwark Against Open Crises Between Baribas and Fulbés in Banikoara

Year 2023, Issue: 3, 79 - 98, 16.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/IAR2023-1400500

Abstract

This study explores the joking relationship, a bulwark against the open crises that occur between the two dominant demographic elements of the Banikoara commune in the northern region of the Republic of Benin on the African continent: the Baribas and the Fulbés. The article is based on an ethnographic field research conducted through observation, focus group discussions, and personal interviews with Banikoara residents in 2019. Research findings point to the importance of the joking relationship between the two communities in social rapprochement processes, such as mutual adaptation, kinship, and alliance formation. The practice of joking, an ancestral tradition, has been shown to lead to a kind of virtual kinship, creating patterns of harmony and alliance. The tradition of joking facilitates neighborly relations within the commune between the Baribas and the Fulbés, who sometimes face clashes.

Ethical Statement

Araştırma Benin'de , gönüllü katılımcılar ile görüşülerek gerçekleştirilen bir alan araştırmasına dayanmaktadır.

References

  • Abeles, M. (2017). Devletin antropolojisi (N. Ökten, Çev.). İstanbul: Dipnot Yayınları. google scholar
  • Adjimoti, G. O., & Kwadzo, G. T. M. (2018). Crop diversification and household food security status: evidence from rural Benin. Agriculture & Food Security, 7(1), 1-12. google scholar
  • Alimi, R. & Faaki, V. (1998). Rapport d’etude sur la gestion alternative des conflits lies aux ressources naturelles. GERAM-Conseils. google scholar
  • Apte, M. L. (1983). Humor research, methodology, and theory in anthropology. In: P.E. McGhee & J.H. Goldstein (Eds), Handbook of Humor Research: Volume 1: Basic Issues (pp. 183-212). New York, NY: Springer New York. google scholar
  • Aydın, S. ve Erdal, Y. S. (2011). Antropoloji. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları. google scholar
  • Badahoui, A. (1996). Lapeche maritime artisanale et laproblematique de securite despecheurs au Benin. (Memoire de maîtrise en Sociologie-Anthropologie, UAC-FLASH, non publie). google scholar
  • Bako-Arıfarı N. (2006). La gestion de la violence «xenophobie» dans le jeu politique beninois, Benin: LASDEL. google scholar
  • Balaban, A.R. (1982). Evlilik ve akrabalık türleri. İzmir: Karınca Yayınları. google scholar
  • Balandier, G. (1967). Anthropologie politique. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. google scholar
  • Barnouw, V. (1975). Ethnology. London: The Dorsey Press. google scholar
  • Bio Bigou, L, B. (1987). La vallee benino-nigerienne du fleuve Niger: Population et developpement economique (These de Doctorat, Univerite de Bourgogne Dijon). google scholar
  • Boxer, D., & Cortes-Conde, F. (1997). From bonding to biting: Conversational joking and identity display. Journal ofpragmatics, 27(3), 275-294. google scholar
  • CARDER, B. (2000). Plan de gestion des pestes et pesticides. 104p. google scholar
  • Carty, J., & Musharbash, Y. (2008). You’ve got to be joking: Asserting the analytical value of humour and laughter in contemporary anthropology. Anthropological Forum, 18(3), 209-217. google scholar
  • DGAT MISD. (2001). Atlas monographique des communes du Benin, Plan de Developpement actualise de la commune de Banikoara et Programmation Physique. google scholar
  • Engels, F. ([1884] 1978). Ailenin, özel mülkiyetin ve devletin kökeni. İstanbul: Sol Yayınları. google scholar
  • Eriksen, T. H. (2009). Küçük yerler derin mevzular: Sosyal ve kültürel antropolojiye giriş. (F.Adsay, Çev.). İstanbul: Avesta Yayınları. google scholar
  • FAO (2004). The state of agriculture, agricultural biotechnology meeting the needs of the poor 222p. google scholar
  • FAO (2006). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations food aid for food security 187p. google scholar
  • Fine, G. A., & Soucey, M. D. (2005). Joking cultures: Humor themes as social regulation in group life. Humor, 18(1), 1-22. google scholar
  • Güvenç, B. (1999). İnsan ve kültür. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi. google scholar
  • Hagberg, S. (2001). Â l’ombre du conflit violent: Reglement et gestion des conflits entre agriculteurs karaboro et agro-pasteurs peul au Burkina Faso. Cahiers d’etudes africaines, 161(1), 45-72. google scholar
  • Holy, L. (2016). Antropolojinin akrabalık yaklaşımları. (Ç. Enneli, Çev.). Ankara: Heretik yayınları. google scholar
  • Kırımlı, Y. (1998). Köyde sosyal organizasyon ve sıhri hısımlık ilişkileri: Eltiler. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları. google scholar
  • Mauss, M. (1926). Parentes aplaisanterie: Texte d’une communicationpresentee a l’Institutfrançais d’anthropologie. Texte extrait de l’Annuaire de l’Ecole pratique des Hautes etudes, section des sciences religieuses, Paris. google scholar
  • Mitas, O., Yarnal, C., & Chick, G. (2012). Jokes build community: Mature tourists’ positive emotions. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(4), 1884-1905. google scholar
  • Morgan, L.H. (1877). Ancient Society. London: MacMillan & Company. google scholar
  • Nakou, S. A., Gouda, S. & Dakpo, P. (2013). Gonasiru et Gonasine entre Baatombu et Kaobu, une contribution a l’integration et au maintien de la paix sociale par les alliances et relations de parente aplaisanterie au Benin, Cotonou: Les Cahiers du CBRST. google scholar
  • Orekan, V. (2006). Effets spatiaux de la migration sur l’occupation du sol dans le bassin de l’Oueme Superieur au Benin. UVSQ, GRET, IRD, Gestion concertee des ressources naturelles et de l’environnement, Colloque GECOREV, Üniversite de. google scholar
  • Pliya, J. (1980). La peche dans le Sud-ouest du Benin: etude de geographie appliquee sur la peche continentale et maritime. Paris: Agence de cooperation culturelle et technique. google scholar
  • Ravallion M, Chen S. & Sangraula P. (2008). New evidence on the urbanization of global poverty. Population and development review, 33(4), 667-701. google scholar
  • RGPH-4. (2013). Principaux indicateurs sociodemographiques et economiques du departement de l’Alibori (INSAE) 34p google scholar
  • Schneider, J. (2000). Republique du Benin: rapport sur les pays, extrait de la documentation sur l’Afrique de l’ouest destinee aux ROE, Berne: Organisation suisse d’aide aux refugies. google scholar
  • Sissao, A, J. (2002). Alliances et parentes a plaisanterie au Burkina- faso. Mecanisme de fonctionnement et avenir sankofa et gurli editions, Burkina Faso: Sankofa & Gurli. google scholar
  • Sotindjo S. D. (2008). Perennite des structures de dependance et reproduction du sous-developpement: Le cas du Benin (ex-Dahomey) de la colonisation a aujourd’hui, Dans: Adame Ba Konare ed., Petit precis de remise a niveau sur l’histoire africaine a l’usage du president Sarkozy (pp. 227-239). Paris: La Decouverte. google scholar
  • Sounon, A. (2008). Evaluation du coût economique et financier de la degradation de l’environnement dans les zones arides au Benin: Cas des departements du Borgou et de l’Alibori, Ministere de l’Environnement et de la Protection de la Nature (MEHU). google scholar
  • Topdemir Koçyiğit O. (2023). Göç, aile ve evlilik. G. Kaya (Ed.). Cumhuriyetin göçlerle dolu 100 yılı. 100 başlıkta göç yazıları içinde (s.145-152), İzmir: Cem Yayınevi. google scholar
  • Trembley, J. M. (2002). A.R. Radcliffe-Brown (1924-1949), Structure et fonction dans la societe primitive Apartir de Traduction de Françoise et Louis Martin, Presentation et notes de Louis Martin Paris: Editions de Minuit, 1972, 317 pages. Collection: Points Sciences Humaines. google scholar
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Anthropology (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İsmail Yarou Bio Souley 0009-0004-4692-2892

Yüksel Kırımlı 0000-0003-4142-0645

Publication Date January 16, 2024
Submission Date December 5, 2023
Acceptance Date December 19, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yarou Bio Souley, İ., & Kırımlı, Y. (2024). Banikoara’da Baribalar ve Fulbéler Arasındaki Açık Krizlere Karşı Bir Siper Olarak Şaka İlişkisi. Istanbul Anthropological Review(3), 79-98. https://doi.org/10.26650/IAR2023-1400500