Abstract
Bu çalışmada bir Batı Anadolu Erken Bizans Dönemi antik yerleşim alanı olan
Adramytteion (Örentepe, Balıkesir) kazı alanından çıkarılan 17 bireye ait kaburga
kemiklerinden alınan örneklerde çinko (Zn), bakır (Cu), kadmiyum (Cd), kurşun (Pb) ve
arsenik (As) metallerinin birikimleri incelenmiştir. Pb ve Cd metallerinin analizlerinde
Grafit Atomik Absorpsiyon Spektrometresi (GFAAS) kullanılmıştır. Cu ve Zn analizleri
Fast Sequential Atomik Absorbsiyon Spektrometresi (FSAAS), As analizi ise Hidrür
Sistemli Atomik Absorbsiyon Spektrometresi (HSAAS) kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb ve As aralıkları sırasıyla 97,55-391,59 ppm; 32,92-56,63 ppm; 0,20-2,72
ppm; 8,08-44,98 ve 17,05-54,35 ppm’ dir. Birikimin kaynağının anlaşılabilmesi için
alandan temin edilen toprak ve su örneklerinde de metal seviyeleri ölçülmüştür.
Kemik/toprak oranları ve maden yataklarına yakınlık durumları göz önüne alındığında
Adramytteion iskelet serisinde tespit edilen yüksek metal birikimleri, diyagenetik
etkinin belirleyici bir faktör olduğunu düşündürtmektedir. Bununla birlikte su
örneklerinin, kemikteki metal birikimlerine etkisinin bulunmadığı saptanmıştır.
Özellikle Cu sonuçları incelendiğinde, metal/toprak oranının aşırı yüksek değerler
göstermesinin altında yatan sebeplerin, ancak bu toplumun yaşam biçimi üzerine daha
fazla sayıda çalışma yapılması ile aydınlatılabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Keywords
Kimyasal antropoloji biyoarkeoloji Erken Bizans Dönemi (EBD) insan kemikleri diyagenetik faktörler
References
- Buikstra JE, Ubelaker DH. (1994) Standards for data collection from human skeletal remains. Fayetteville: Arkansas Archeological Survey Research Series No: 44.
- Çoruhlu T. (2005) 2004 yılı Ören (Adramytteion antik kenti) kazı çalışmaları. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı (Cilt 1) 27:229-240.
- Duyar İ, Atamtürk D. (2006) Adramytteion (Örentepe) iskeletleri. Arkeometri Sonuçları Toplantısı 22:71–82.
- Farnum J, Glascock M, Sandford M, Gerritsen S. (1995) Trace elements in ancient human bone and associated soil using NAA. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 196:267-274.
- Glen-Haduch E, Szostek K, Glab H. (1997) Cribra orbitalia and trace element content in human teeth from Neolithic and Early Bronze Age graves in Southern Poland. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 103:201-207.
- González-Reimers E, Velasco-Vázquez J, Arnay-de-la-Rosa M, Santolaria-Fernández F, Galindo-Martín L. (2001) Paleonutritional analysis of the Pre-Hispanic population from Fuerteventura (Canary Islands). Science of the Total Environment 264:215-220.
- González-Reimers E, Velasco-Vázquez J, Arnay-de-la-Rosa M, Alberto-Barroso V, Galindo-Martín L, Santolaria-Fernández F. (2003) Bone cadmium and lead in prehistoric inhabitants and domestic animals from Gran Canaria. Science of the Total Environment 301:97-103.
- Grattan J, Huxley S, Karaki LA, Toland H, Gilbertson D, Pyatt B, al Saad Z. (2002) 'Death... more desirable than life'? The human skeletal record and toxicological implications of ancient copper mining and smelting in Wadi Faynan, southwestern Jordan. Toxicology and Industrial Health 18:297-307.
- Grattan J, Abu Karaki L, Hine D, Toland H, Gilbertson D, al-Saad Z, Pyatt B. (2005) Analyses of patterns of copper and lead mineralization in human skeletons excavated from an ancient mining and smelting centre in the Jordanian desert: a reconnaissance study. Mineralogical Magazine 69:653-666.
- Güner C, Aliyev V, Atamtürk D, Duyar İ, Söylemezoğlu T. (2011) Retention of Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and As on human bones unearthed at a Central Anatolian Early Bronze Age excavation site (Resuloğlu, Turkey). Eurasian Journal of Anthropology 2(1):27-39.
- Jurkiewicz A, Wiechula D, Nowak R, Gazdzik T, Loska K. (2004) Metal content in femoral head spongious bone of people living in regions of different degrees of environmental pollution in Southern and Middle Poland. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 59:95-101.
- Kavrul C. (2006) Adramytteion-Ören antik kenti 2005 yılı arkeojeofizik çalışmaları. Arkeometri Sonuçları Toplantısı 22:23-30.
- Lambert JB, Szpunar CB, Buikstra JE. (1979) Chemical analysis of excavated human bone from middle and late Woodland sites. Archaeometry 21:115-129.
- Martínez-García MJ, Moreno JM, Moreno-Clavel J, Vergara N, García-Sánchez A, Guillamón A, Portí M, Moreno-Grau S. (2005) Heavy metals in human bones in different historical epochs. Science of the Total Environment 348:51-72.
- Millard A. (2006) Comment on Martínez-García et al. "Heavy metals in human bones in different historical epochs." Science of the Total Environment 354:295-297.
- MTA (2010) Balıkesir ili Mineral Haritası. Maden Tetkik Arama Genel Müdürlüğü. Bak: http://www.mta.gov.tr/v1.0/turkiye_maden/il_maden/pdf_2010/balikesir.pdf Erişim tarihi: Nisan 2012.
- Özdemir K, Erdal YS, Demirci S. (2010) Arsenic accumulation on the bones in the Early Bronze Age İkiztepe Population, Turkey. Journal of Archaeological Science 37:1033-1041.
- Pyatt FB, Pyatt AJ, Walker C, Sheen T, Grattan JP. (2005) The heavy metal content of skeletons from an ancient metalliferous polluted area in southern Jordan with particular reference to bioaccumulation and human health. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 60:295-300.
- Wilson L, Pollard AM. (2002) Here today, gone tomorrow? Integrated experimentation and geochemical modeling in studies of archaeological diagenetic change. Accounts of Chemical Research 35:644-651.
- Zapata J, Pérez-Sirvent C, Martínez-Sánchez MJ, Tovar P. (2006) Diagenesis, not biogenesis: two late
- Roman skeletal examples. Science of the Total Environment 369:357-368.
Abstract
References
- Buikstra JE, Ubelaker DH. (1994) Standards for data collection from human skeletal remains. Fayetteville: Arkansas Archeological Survey Research Series No: 44.
- Çoruhlu T. (2005) 2004 yılı Ören (Adramytteion antik kenti) kazı çalışmaları. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı (Cilt 1) 27:229-240.
- Duyar İ, Atamtürk D. (2006) Adramytteion (Örentepe) iskeletleri. Arkeometri Sonuçları Toplantısı 22:71–82.
- Farnum J, Glascock M, Sandford M, Gerritsen S. (1995) Trace elements in ancient human bone and associated soil using NAA. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 196:267-274.
- Glen-Haduch E, Szostek K, Glab H. (1997) Cribra orbitalia and trace element content in human teeth from Neolithic and Early Bronze Age graves in Southern Poland. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 103:201-207.
- González-Reimers E, Velasco-Vázquez J, Arnay-de-la-Rosa M, Santolaria-Fernández F, Galindo-Martín L. (2001) Paleonutritional analysis of the Pre-Hispanic population from Fuerteventura (Canary Islands). Science of the Total Environment 264:215-220.
- González-Reimers E, Velasco-Vázquez J, Arnay-de-la-Rosa M, Alberto-Barroso V, Galindo-Martín L, Santolaria-Fernández F. (2003) Bone cadmium and lead in prehistoric inhabitants and domestic animals from Gran Canaria. Science of the Total Environment 301:97-103.
- Grattan J, Huxley S, Karaki LA, Toland H, Gilbertson D, Pyatt B, al Saad Z. (2002) 'Death... more desirable than life'? The human skeletal record and toxicological implications of ancient copper mining and smelting in Wadi Faynan, southwestern Jordan. Toxicology and Industrial Health 18:297-307.
- Grattan J, Abu Karaki L, Hine D, Toland H, Gilbertson D, al-Saad Z, Pyatt B. (2005) Analyses of patterns of copper and lead mineralization in human skeletons excavated from an ancient mining and smelting centre in the Jordanian desert: a reconnaissance study. Mineralogical Magazine 69:653-666.
- Güner C, Aliyev V, Atamtürk D, Duyar İ, Söylemezoğlu T. (2011) Retention of Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and As on human bones unearthed at a Central Anatolian Early Bronze Age excavation site (Resuloğlu, Turkey). Eurasian Journal of Anthropology 2(1):27-39.
- Jurkiewicz A, Wiechula D, Nowak R, Gazdzik T, Loska K. (2004) Metal content in femoral head spongious bone of people living in regions of different degrees of environmental pollution in Southern and Middle Poland. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 59:95-101.
- Kavrul C. (2006) Adramytteion-Ören antik kenti 2005 yılı arkeojeofizik çalışmaları. Arkeometri Sonuçları Toplantısı 22:23-30.
- Lambert JB, Szpunar CB, Buikstra JE. (1979) Chemical analysis of excavated human bone from middle and late Woodland sites. Archaeometry 21:115-129.
- Martínez-García MJ, Moreno JM, Moreno-Clavel J, Vergara N, García-Sánchez A, Guillamón A, Portí M, Moreno-Grau S. (2005) Heavy metals in human bones in different historical epochs. Science of the Total Environment 348:51-72.
- Millard A. (2006) Comment on Martínez-García et al. "Heavy metals in human bones in different historical epochs." Science of the Total Environment 354:295-297.
- MTA (2010) Balıkesir ili Mineral Haritası. Maden Tetkik Arama Genel Müdürlüğü. Bak: http://www.mta.gov.tr/v1.0/turkiye_maden/il_maden/pdf_2010/balikesir.pdf Erişim tarihi: Nisan 2012.
- Özdemir K, Erdal YS, Demirci S. (2010) Arsenic accumulation on the bones in the Early Bronze Age İkiztepe Population, Turkey. Journal of Archaeological Science 37:1033-1041.
- Pyatt FB, Pyatt AJ, Walker C, Sheen T, Grattan JP. (2005) The heavy metal content of skeletons from an ancient metalliferous polluted area in southern Jordan with particular reference to bioaccumulation and human health. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 60:295-300.
- Wilson L, Pollard AM. (2002) Here today, gone tomorrow? Integrated experimentation and geochemical modeling in studies of archaeological diagenetic change. Accounts of Chemical Research 35:644-651.
- Zapata J, Pérez-Sirvent C, Martínez-Sánchez MJ, Tovar P. (2006) Diagenesis, not biogenesis: two late
- Roman skeletal examples. Science of the Total Environment 369:357-368.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 18, 2013 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2012 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 |