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Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 149 - 163, 30.06.2023

Alper Bayar Bilge Sena Kurt Mahir Mutlu Çağrı Öven Yusuf Bayar

https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1297063

Abstract

References

  • Aktepe, E. (2013,). Ergenlerde siber zorbalık ve siber mağduriyet [Cyber-bullying and cyber-victimization in adolescents]. Yeni Symposium Journal, 51(1), 31-36.
  • Arıcak, T. (2009). Psychiatric symptomatology as a predictor of cyberbullying among university students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 34, 167-184.
  • Arıcak, O. T., Kınay, H. & Tanrıkulu, T. (2012). Siber zorbalık ölçeğinin ilk psikometrik bulguları [The first psychometric findings of the cyberbullying scale]. Hasan Ali Yücel Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [Journal of The Hasan Ali Yucel Faculty of Education], 17(1), 101-114.
  • Arslan. A., Bilgin, O. & İnce, M. (2020). A study on developing a cyberbullying scale for high school students. OPUS–International Journal of Society Researches, 15(10. Year Special Issue), 4723-4738. http://dx.doi.org/10.26466/opus.684140
  • Ayas, T. & Horzum, B. (2011). Exploring the teachers' cyberbullying perception in terms of various variables. International Online Journal Of Educational Sciences, 3(2), 619-640.
  • Ayas, T., Aydın, F. & Horzum, M., B. (2015). Sanal Zorbalık Farkındalık Ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik çalışması [Cyberbullying Awareness Scale: A validity and realiablity study]. Online Journal Of Technology Addiction & Cyberbullying, 2(2), 38-51.
  • Bailey E. K., & Cotlar, M. (1994). Teaching via the internet. Communication Education, 43(2), 184–93.
  • Baldry A. C. & Farrington, P. D. (2000). Bullies and delinquents: personal characteristics and parental styles. Journal of Community and Applied Psychology, 10,17–31.
  • Beran, T., Rinaldi, C., Bickham, D. S. & Rich, M. (2012). Evidence for the need to support adolescents dealing with harassment and cyber-harassment: Prevalence, progression, and impact. School Psychology International, 33(5), 562–576.
  • Beran, T. N., & Li, Q. (2007). Cyber-harassment: A study of a new method for an old behavior. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 36(3), 265-277.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı [Handbook of data analysis for the social sciences] PegemA Yayıncılık.
  • Campbell, M. A. (2005). Cyberbullying: An old problem in a new guise? Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 15, 68-76.
  • Çakmur, H. (2012). Araştırmalarda ölçme-güvenilirlik-geçerlilik [Measurement-Reliability-Validity in Research]. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 11(3), 339-344.
  • Çapan, B. E., Bakioğlu, F. & Kırkteke S. (2020). Siber Zorbalık Ölçeğinin türk kültürüne uyarlanması: Psikometrik özellikleri [Adaptation of cyber bullying scale to turkish culture: psychometric properties]. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(Ek Sayı. 1), 39 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/apd.57705.
  • Çapık C. Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmalarında doğrulayıcı faktör analizinin kullanımı [Use of confirmatory factor analysis in validity and reliability studies]. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilim Dergisi, 2014; 17: 196-205. Çelik HE, Yılmaz V. LISREL 9.1 ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi: Temel kavramlar uygulamalar-programlama [Structural equation modeling with LISREL 9.1: Basic concepts applications-programming], Anı Yayıncılık; 2016.
  • Çetin, B., Yaman, E., Peker, A. (2011). The cyber victim and bullying scale: A study of validity and reliability. Computers & Education 57, 2261–2271. DeVellis RF, Scale development. 4th ed. USA: SAGE Publications; 2017.
  • Dilmaç, B. (2009). Sanal zorbalığı yordayan psikolojik ihtiyaçlar: Lisans öğrencileri için bir ön çalışma (Psychological needs as a predictor of cyber bullying: A preliminary report on college students). Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri [Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice], 9(3), 1291-1325.
  • Dilmac, B. (2009). Psychological needs as a predictor of cyberbullying: A preliminary report on college students. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 9(3), 1307-1325.
  • Dilmaç, E. (2014). Lise Öğrencilerinin Zorbalık Düzeylerinin Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi [Investigation of Bullying Levels of High School Students in Terms of Some Variables (Master's Thesis)]. Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi.
  • Dölek, N. (2002). Öğrencilerde zorbaca davranışların araştırılması ve bir önleyici program modeli [Investigation of bullying behaviors in students and a preventive program model]. (Doctoral Dissertation, Marmara Universitesi (Turkey)).
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö., & Kavşut, F. (2007). Akran zorbalığının yeni yüzü: Siber zorbalık [Cyber bullying: A new face of peer bullying]. Eurasian Journal Of Educational Research (Ejer), (27).
  • Faucher, C., Jackson, M. & Cassidy, W. (2014). Cyberbullying among university students: Gendered experiences, impacts, and perspectives. Education Research International, 2014, 1–10.
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (Introducing statistical methods): Sage Publications Ltd. Garson GD, Validity and reliability. USA: Statistical Publishing Associates, 2013.
  • Heale R, Twycross A. Validity and reliability in quantitative studies. Evid Based Nurs, 2015; 18: 66-67.
  • Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2005). Research summary: Cyberbullying victimization. Preliminary findings from an online survey of ınternet-using adolescents. Retrieved January, 27, 2006
  • Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2008). Cyberbullying: An exploratory analysis of factors related to offending and victimization. Deviant Behavior, 29(2), 129-156.
  • Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2010). Bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide. Archives Of Suicide Research, 14(3), 206-221.
  • Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2015). Bullying beyond the schoolyard: Preventing and responding to cyberbullying. Corwin Press.
  • Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2018). Connecting adolescent suicide to the severity of bullying and cyberbullying. Journal of School Violence, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2018.1492417
  • Jose, P. E., Kljakovic, M., Scheib, E., & Notter, O. (2012). The joint development of traditional bullying and victimization with cyberbullying and victimization in adolescence. Journal Of Research on Adolescence, 22(2), 301-309.
  • Karabatak, S., & Alanoğlu, M. (2020). İş yerinde siber zorbalık davranışları envanteri: Eğitim örgütleri için uyarlama çalışması [Inventory of cyberbullying acts at work: adaptation study for educational organizations]. Eğitim Ve İnsani Bilimler Dergisi: Teori Ve Uygulama [Journal of Education and Humanities], 11(22), 257-276.
  • Karabatak, S. & Alaoğlu, M. (2020). İş yerinde siber zorbalık davranışları envanteri: Eğitim örgütleri için uyarlama çalışması [Inventory of cyberbullying acts at work: Adaptation study for educational organizations]. Eğitim ve İnsani Bilimler Dergisi: Teori ve Uygulama [Journal of Education and Humanities], 11(22), 257-276.
  • Karoğlu, T. T., & Çılğın, M. (2020). Lise öğrencilerinin siber zorbalığı ve siber mağduriyeti üzerine bir çalışma [A study on cyber bullying and cyber victimization in high school students]. Journal Of Social Sciences And Education, 3(1), 344-355.
  • Kayman-Serda, Ş. (2017). İşletmelerde siber zorbalık, duygusal zeka ve üretim karşıtı davranışlar ilişkisi [The relationship between cyberbullying, emotional intelligence, and counterproductive behaviors in businesses] (Yüksek lisans tezi [Master's thesis]). Gebze Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kocaeli.
  • Kılıç, S. (2016). Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient. Journal of Mood Disorders, 6, 8-47.
  • Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2007). Electronic bullying among middle school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(6 Suppl 1), S22-S30.
  • Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2013). Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal Of Adolescent Health, 53(1), S13-S20.
  • Kutlu, F. (2005). Zorbalık Davranışlarıyla Başa Çıkma Eğitiminin İlköğretim Öğrencilerinin Zorba Davranışları Üzerindeki Etkisi [The effect of bullying management training on bullying behaviors of elementary school students] (Doktora Tezi [Doctoral dissertation]). Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Küçük, S. (2016). Siber zorbalık ölçeği Türkçe uyarlaması [Turkish adaptation of the cyberbullying scale] (Yüksek Lisans tezi [Master's thesis]). İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Microsoft. (2021). Civility, safety, and interaction online: Turkey. Retrieved from https://news.microsoft.com/wpcontent/uploads/prod/sites/421/2020/02/digital-civility-2020-globalreport.pdf.
  • Mishna, F., Saini, M., Solomon, S. (2009). Ongoing and online: Children and youth's perceptions of cyberbullying. Children and Youth Services Review, 31, 1222–1228.
  • Olweus, D. (1993). Acoso escolar, “bullying”, en las escuelas: Hechos e intervenciones [Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do]. Centro De İnvestigación Para La Promoción De La Salud, Universidad De Bergen, Noruega, 2, 1-23.
  • Olweus, D., Limber, S., & Mihalic, S. F. (1999). Blueprints for violence prevention, book nine: bullying prevention program. Boulder, Co: Center For The Study And Prevention Of Violence, 12(6), 256-273.
  • Özbey, H. (2019). Ergenler için zorbalık ve siber zorbalık ölçeği (BCS-A): Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Bullying and cyber bullying scale for adolescents (BCS-A): Turkish Validity and Reliability Study]. Yayınlanmış Yüksek Lisans tezi.
  • Özdamar K. Ölçek ve test geliştirme–yapısal eşitlik modellemesi [Scale and Test Development–Structural Equation Modeling]. Nisan Kitabevi; Eskişehir; 2017.
  • Peker, A., Özhan, M. B., & Eroğlu, Y. (2015). Ergenlere Yönelik Siber Zorbalıkla Başa Çıkma Ölçeği'nin geliştirilmesi [Development of the scale on coping with cyberbullying towards adolescents]. International Journal Of Human Sciences, 12(1), 569-581.
  • Pellegrini, A. D. (1998). Bullies and victims in school: A review and call for research. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 19, 165-176.
  • Raskauskas, J., & Stoltz, A.D. (2007). Involvement in traditional and electronic bullying among adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 43, 564-575.
  • Salmivalli, C., & Nieminen, E. (2002). Proactive and reactive aggression among school bullies, victims, and bully victims. Aggressive Behavior, 28, 30–44.
  • Satan, A. (2006). İlköğretim İkinci Kademe Öğrencilerinin Zorba Davranış Eğilimlerinin Okul Türü Ve Bazı Sosyo Demografik Değişkenler İle İlişkisi [Relationship between bullying behaviors of lower secondary school students and school type and some socio-demographic variables]. (Doktora tezi) [Doctoral thesis]. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Schoffstall, C. L., & Cohen, R. (2011). Cyber aggression: The relation between online offenders and offline social competence. Social Development, 20(3), 587-604.
  • Slonje, R., Smith, P. K., & Frisén, A. (2013). The nature of cyberbullying, and strategies for prevention. Computers İn Human Behavior, 29(1), 26-32.
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The Validity and the Reliability Study of A Cyber Victimization/Bullying Scale For University Students

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 149 - 163, 30.06.2023

Alper Bayar Bilge Sena Kurt Mahir Mutlu Çağrı Öven Yusuf Bayar

https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1297063

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to develop a cyber victimization/bullying scale for university students and to test the validity and reliability of the scale. In the first step of this study, the validity and reliability of the cyber victimization scale were tested. The first study sample consisted of 486 university students, 320 (65.8%) female, and 166 (34.2%) male. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, a 6-factor structure was obtained. The identified subscales for the victimization form were "substitution, verbal teasing, social exclusion, disclosure, cyber victimization with sexual content, anonymous cyber victimization," The total Cronbach's alpha for the victimization form was .81. In the second step, a parallel bully form was created with the same items. The second study sample consisted of 208 university students, 130 (62.5%) female, and 78 (37.5%) male. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, a similar 6-factor structure was obtained. The identified subscales for the bullying form were "substitution, verbal teasing, social excluding, disclosure, cyberbullying with sexual content, and anonymous cyberbullying." The total Cronbach's alpha for the bullying form was .93. The results of exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis indicated that the cyber victimization/bullying scale was a qualified scale that could be preferred in scientific studies conducted with university students.

Keywords

Cyber victimization Cyber bullying The validity and the reliability

References

  • Aktepe, E. (2013,). Ergenlerde siber zorbalık ve siber mağduriyet [Cyber-bullying and cyber-victimization in adolescents]. Yeni Symposium Journal, 51(1), 31-36.
  • Arıcak, T. (2009). Psychiatric symptomatology as a predictor of cyberbullying among university students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 34, 167-184.
  • Arıcak, O. T., Kınay, H. & Tanrıkulu, T. (2012). Siber zorbalık ölçeğinin ilk psikometrik bulguları [The first psychometric findings of the cyberbullying scale]. Hasan Ali Yücel Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [Journal of The Hasan Ali Yucel Faculty of Education], 17(1), 101-114.
  • Arslan. A., Bilgin, O. & İnce, M. (2020). A study on developing a cyberbullying scale for high school students. OPUS–International Journal of Society Researches, 15(10. Year Special Issue), 4723-4738. http://dx.doi.org/10.26466/opus.684140
  • Ayas, T. & Horzum, B. (2011). Exploring the teachers' cyberbullying perception in terms of various variables. International Online Journal Of Educational Sciences, 3(2), 619-640.
  • Ayas, T., Aydın, F. & Horzum, M., B. (2015). Sanal Zorbalık Farkındalık Ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik çalışması [Cyberbullying Awareness Scale: A validity and realiablity study]. Online Journal Of Technology Addiction & Cyberbullying, 2(2), 38-51.
  • Bailey E. K., & Cotlar, M. (1994). Teaching via the internet. Communication Education, 43(2), 184–93.
  • Baldry A. C. & Farrington, P. D. (2000). Bullies and delinquents: personal characteristics and parental styles. Journal of Community and Applied Psychology, 10,17–31.
  • Beran, T., Rinaldi, C., Bickham, D. S. & Rich, M. (2012). Evidence for the need to support adolescents dealing with harassment and cyber-harassment: Prevalence, progression, and impact. School Psychology International, 33(5), 562–576.
  • Beran, T. N., & Li, Q. (2007). Cyber-harassment: A study of a new method for an old behavior. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 36(3), 265-277.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı [Handbook of data analysis for the social sciences] PegemA Yayıncılık.
  • Campbell, M. A. (2005). Cyberbullying: An old problem in a new guise? Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 15, 68-76.
  • Çakmur, H. (2012). Araştırmalarda ölçme-güvenilirlik-geçerlilik [Measurement-Reliability-Validity in Research]. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 11(3), 339-344.
  • Çapan, B. E., Bakioğlu, F. & Kırkteke S. (2020). Siber Zorbalık Ölçeğinin türk kültürüne uyarlanması: Psikometrik özellikleri [Adaptation of cyber bullying scale to turkish culture: psychometric properties]. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(Ek Sayı. 1), 39 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/apd.57705.
  • Çapık C. Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmalarında doğrulayıcı faktör analizinin kullanımı [Use of confirmatory factor analysis in validity and reliability studies]. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilim Dergisi, 2014; 17: 196-205. Çelik HE, Yılmaz V. LISREL 9.1 ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi: Temel kavramlar uygulamalar-programlama [Structural equation modeling with LISREL 9.1: Basic concepts applications-programming], Anı Yayıncılık; 2016.
  • Çetin, B., Yaman, E., Peker, A. (2011). The cyber victim and bullying scale: A study of validity and reliability. Computers & Education 57, 2261–2271. DeVellis RF, Scale development. 4th ed. USA: SAGE Publications; 2017.
  • Dilmaç, B. (2009). Sanal zorbalığı yordayan psikolojik ihtiyaçlar: Lisans öğrencileri için bir ön çalışma (Psychological needs as a predictor of cyber bullying: A preliminary report on college students). Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri [Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice], 9(3), 1291-1325.
  • Dilmac, B. (2009). Psychological needs as a predictor of cyberbullying: A preliminary report on college students. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 9(3), 1307-1325.
  • Dilmaç, E. (2014). Lise Öğrencilerinin Zorbalık Düzeylerinin Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi [Investigation of Bullying Levels of High School Students in Terms of Some Variables (Master's Thesis)]. Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi.
  • Dölek, N. (2002). Öğrencilerde zorbaca davranışların araştırılması ve bir önleyici program modeli [Investigation of bullying behaviors in students and a preventive program model]. (Doctoral Dissertation, Marmara Universitesi (Turkey)).
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö., & Kavşut, F. (2007). Akran zorbalığının yeni yüzü: Siber zorbalık [Cyber bullying: A new face of peer bullying]. Eurasian Journal Of Educational Research (Ejer), (27).
  • Faucher, C., Jackson, M. & Cassidy, W. (2014). Cyberbullying among university students: Gendered experiences, impacts, and perspectives. Education Research International, 2014, 1–10.
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (Introducing statistical methods): Sage Publications Ltd. Garson GD, Validity and reliability. USA: Statistical Publishing Associates, 2013.
  • Heale R, Twycross A. Validity and reliability in quantitative studies. Evid Based Nurs, 2015; 18: 66-67.
  • Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2005). Research summary: Cyberbullying victimization. Preliminary findings from an online survey of ınternet-using adolescents. Retrieved January, 27, 2006
  • Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2008). Cyberbullying: An exploratory analysis of factors related to offending and victimization. Deviant Behavior, 29(2), 129-156.
  • Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2010). Bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide. Archives Of Suicide Research, 14(3), 206-221.
  • Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2015). Bullying beyond the schoolyard: Preventing and responding to cyberbullying. Corwin Press.
  • Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2018). Connecting adolescent suicide to the severity of bullying and cyberbullying. Journal of School Violence, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2018.1492417
  • Jose, P. E., Kljakovic, M., Scheib, E., & Notter, O. (2012). The joint development of traditional bullying and victimization with cyberbullying and victimization in adolescence. Journal Of Research on Adolescence, 22(2), 301-309.
  • Karabatak, S., & Alanoğlu, M. (2020). İş yerinde siber zorbalık davranışları envanteri: Eğitim örgütleri için uyarlama çalışması [Inventory of cyberbullying acts at work: adaptation study for educational organizations]. Eğitim Ve İnsani Bilimler Dergisi: Teori Ve Uygulama [Journal of Education and Humanities], 11(22), 257-276.
  • Karabatak, S. & Alaoğlu, M. (2020). İş yerinde siber zorbalık davranışları envanteri: Eğitim örgütleri için uyarlama çalışması [Inventory of cyberbullying acts at work: Adaptation study for educational organizations]. Eğitim ve İnsani Bilimler Dergisi: Teori ve Uygulama [Journal of Education and Humanities], 11(22), 257-276.
  • Karoğlu, T. T., & Çılğın, M. (2020). Lise öğrencilerinin siber zorbalığı ve siber mağduriyeti üzerine bir çalışma [A study on cyber bullying and cyber victimization in high school students]. Journal Of Social Sciences And Education, 3(1), 344-355.
  • Kayman-Serda, Ş. (2017). İşletmelerde siber zorbalık, duygusal zeka ve üretim karşıtı davranışlar ilişkisi [The relationship between cyberbullying, emotional intelligence, and counterproductive behaviors in businesses] (Yüksek lisans tezi [Master's thesis]). Gebze Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kocaeli.
  • Kılıç, S. (2016). Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient. Journal of Mood Disorders, 6, 8-47.
  • Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2007). Electronic bullying among middle school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(6 Suppl 1), S22-S30.
  • Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2013). Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal Of Adolescent Health, 53(1), S13-S20.
  • Kutlu, F. (2005). Zorbalık Davranışlarıyla Başa Çıkma Eğitiminin İlköğretim Öğrencilerinin Zorba Davranışları Üzerindeki Etkisi [The effect of bullying management training on bullying behaviors of elementary school students] (Doktora Tezi [Doctoral dissertation]). Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Küçük, S. (2016). Siber zorbalık ölçeği Türkçe uyarlaması [Turkish adaptation of the cyberbullying scale] (Yüksek Lisans tezi [Master's thesis]). İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Microsoft. (2021). Civility, safety, and interaction online: Turkey. Retrieved from https://news.microsoft.com/wpcontent/uploads/prod/sites/421/2020/02/digital-civility-2020-globalreport.pdf.
  • Mishna, F., Saini, M., Solomon, S. (2009). Ongoing and online: Children and youth's perceptions of cyberbullying. Children and Youth Services Review, 31, 1222–1228.
  • Olweus, D. (1993). Acoso escolar, “bullying”, en las escuelas: Hechos e intervenciones [Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do]. Centro De İnvestigación Para La Promoción De La Salud, Universidad De Bergen, Noruega, 2, 1-23.
  • Olweus, D., Limber, S., & Mihalic, S. F. (1999). Blueprints for violence prevention, book nine: bullying prevention program. Boulder, Co: Center For The Study And Prevention Of Violence, 12(6), 256-273.
  • Özbey, H. (2019). Ergenler için zorbalık ve siber zorbalık ölçeği (BCS-A): Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Bullying and cyber bullying scale for adolescents (BCS-A): Turkish Validity and Reliability Study]. Yayınlanmış Yüksek Lisans tezi.
  • Özdamar K. Ölçek ve test geliştirme–yapısal eşitlik modellemesi [Scale and Test Development–Structural Equation Modeling]. Nisan Kitabevi; Eskişehir; 2017.
  • Peker, A., Özhan, M. B., & Eroğlu, Y. (2015). Ergenlere Yönelik Siber Zorbalıkla Başa Çıkma Ölçeği'nin geliştirilmesi [Development of the scale on coping with cyberbullying towards adolescents]. International Journal Of Human Sciences, 12(1), 569-581.
  • Pellegrini, A. D. (1998). Bullies and victims in school: A review and call for research. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 19, 165-176.
  • Raskauskas, J., & Stoltz, A.D. (2007). Involvement in traditional and electronic bullying among adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 43, 564-575.
  • Salmivalli, C., & Nieminen, E. (2002). Proactive and reactive aggression among school bullies, victims, and bully victims. Aggressive Behavior, 28, 30–44.
  • Satan, A. (2006). İlköğretim İkinci Kademe Öğrencilerinin Zorba Davranış Eğilimlerinin Okul Türü Ve Bazı Sosyo Demografik Değişkenler İle İlişkisi [Relationship between bullying behaviors of lower secondary school students and school type and some socio-demographic variables]. (Doktora tezi) [Doctoral thesis]. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Alper Bayar 0009-0009-5948-8550

Bilge Sena Kurt 0000-0003-4098-3083

Mahir Mutlu 0000-0001-6260-7295

Çağrı Öven 0000-0002-4103-9185

Yusuf Bayar 0000-0002-9778-4133

Early Pub Date June 30, 2023
Publication Date June 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bayar, A., Kurt, B. S., Mutlu, M., Öven, Ç., et al. (2023). The Validity and the Reliability Study of A Cyber Victimization/Bullying Scale For University Students. Research on Education and Psychology, 7(1), 149-163. https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1297063
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