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Ameliyat sonrası akut ağrı yoğunluğunun değerlendirilmesinde dört farklı ağrı ölçeğinin karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 45 Sayı: 4, 1562 - 1571, 27.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.741465

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada yaşlılar da dahil yetişkinlerde yaygın kullanılan Görsel Analog, Numerik Orantılama, Sözel Tanımlayıcı ve Yüz Ağrı ölçekleri arasındaki uyum düzeyini ve hasta tercihlerini karşılaştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma 17 Mart - 17 Haziran 2016 tarihleri arasında bir üniversite hastanesinin cerrahi kliniklerinde tanımlayıcı araştırma modeli kullanılarak yapıldı. Bu çalışmaya her grupta 40 kişi olmak üzere toplam 120 yetişkin hasta çalışmaya alındı. Verilerin toplanmasında bireysel özellikler formu, Görsel Analog Ölçeği, Numerik Orantılama Ölçeği, Sözel Tanımlayıcı Ölçek ve Yüz Ağrı Ölçekleri kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmada 0,71 – 0,83 arasında değişen korelasyon katsayıları ile dört ağrı ölçeğinin birbirleriyle iyi bir uyum içinde olduğu bulundu. Numerik Orantılama Ölçeği, tüm hastalar tarafından kullanılması en basit ve gelecekte kullanılması en fazla tercih edilen ve en az hata oranına sahip ölçek olurken Görsel Analog Ölçeği hastalar tarafından en az basit bulunan ve en az tercih edilen, en fazla hata oranına sahip ölçek olduğu saptandı. Genç ve orta yaş grubu hastalar tarafından kullanılması en basit ve fazla tercih edilen ölçek Numerik Orantılama Ölçeği seçilirken, yaşlılar tarafından Sözel Tanımlayıcı Ölçek seçildi.
Sonuç: Postoperatif akut ağrı yoğunluğunun değerlendirilmesinde dört ölçeğin birbirleri ile iyi bir uyum içinde olduğu, Numerik Orantılama Ölçeği’nin ilk, Sözel Tanımlayıcı Ölçeğin ikinci tercih olarak seçilmesi ve Görsel Analog Ölçeği’nin ise son seçenek olduğu sonucu çıkarılabilir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Sloman R, Wruble AW, Rosen G, Rom M. Determination of clinically meaningful levels of pain reduction in patients experiencing acute postoperative pain. Pain Manag Nurs. 2006;7(4):153-8.
  • 2. Chou R, Gordon DB,de Leon-Casasola OA, Rosenberg JM, Bickler S, Brennan T, Carter T et al. Guidelines on the Management of Postoperative Pain. The Journal of Pain. 2016; 17(2): 131-157.
  • 3. Acar K, Acar H, Demir F, Eti Aslan F. Cerrahi Sonrası Ağrı Insidansı ve Analjezik Kullanım Miktarının Belirlenmesi. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2016;7(2):85-91.
  • 4. Büyükyilmaz FE, Aşti T. Postoperative pain characteristics in Turkish orthopedic patients. Pain Manag Nurs. 2010;11(2):76-84.
  • 5. Ene KW, Nordberg G, Bergh I, Johansson FG, Sjöström B. Postoperative pain management-the influence of surgical ward nurses. J Clin Nurs. 2008;17(15):2042-50. 6. Gerbershagen HJ, Aduckathil S, van Wijck AJ, Peelen LM, Kalkman CJ, Meissner W. Pain intensity on the first day after surgery: a prospective cohort study comparing 179 surgical procedures. Anesthesiology. 2013;118(4):934-44.
  • 7. Meissner W, Coluzzi F, Fletcher D, Huygen F, Morlion B, Neugebauer E, Pérez AM, Pergolizzi J. Improving the management of post-operative acute pain: priorities for change. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2015;31(11): 2131-2143.
  • 8. Vila Jr. H, Smith RA, Augustyniak MJ, Nagi PA, Soto RG, Ross TW, et al. The efficacy and safety of pain management before and after implementation of hospital-wide pain management standards: Is patient safety compromised by treatment based solely on numerical pain ratings? Anesth Analg. 2005;101(2):474-80.
  • 9. Mackintosh C. Assesment and management of patients with post-operative patients. Nurs Stand. 2007;5:49-55.
  • 10. Sayin YY, Akyolcu N. Comparison of pain scale preferences and pain intensity according to pain scales among Turkish Patients: a descriptive study. Pain Manag Nurs. 2014;15(1):156-64.
  • 11. Zhou Y, Petpichetchian W, Kitrungrote L. Psychometric properties of pain intensity scales comparing among postoperative adult patients, elderly patients without and with mild cognitive impairment in China. Int J Nurs Stud. 2011;48(4):449-57.
  • 12. Li L, Herr K, Chen P. Postoperative pain assessment with three intensity scales in Chinese elders. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2009;41(3):241-9.
  • 13. Ahlers SJGM, van Gulik L, van der Veen AM, van Dongen HPA, Bruins P, Belitser SV, de Boer A, Tibboel D, Knibbe CAJ. Comparison of different pain scoring systems in critically ill patients in a general ICU. Critical Care. 2008, 12:R15
  • 14. Gagliese 2005; Gagliese L, Weizblit N, Ellis W, Chan VWS. The measurement of postoperative pain: a comparison of intensity scales in younger and older surgical patients. Pain. 2005;117:412-20.
  • 15. Ferreira-Valente MA, Pais-Ribeiro JL, Jensen MP. Validity of four pain intensity rating scales. Pain. 2011;152(10):2399-404.
  • 16. Breivik H, Borchgrevink PC, Allen SM, Rosseland LA, Romundstad L, Hals EK, Kvarstein G, Stubhaug A. Assessment of pain. Br J Anaesth. 2008;101(1):17-24.
  • 17. Hjermstad MJ, Fayers PM, Haugen DF, Caraceni A, Hanks GW, Loge JH, Fainsinger R, Aass N, Kaasa S; European Palliative Care Research Collaborative (EPCRC). Studies comparing Numerical Rating Scales, Verbal Rating Scales, and Visual Analogue Scales for assessment of pain intensity in adults: a systematic literature review. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2011;41(6):1073-93.
  • 18. Herr KA, Spratt K, Mobily PR, Richardson G. Pain intensity assessment in older adults: use of experimental pain to compare psychometric properties and usability of selected pain scales with younger adults. Clin J Pain. 2004;20(4):207-19.
  • 19. Peters ML, Patijn J, Lamé I. Pain assessment in younger and older pain patients: psychometric properties and patient preference of five commonly used measures of pain intensity. Pain Med. 2007;8(7):601-10.
  • 20. Li L, Liu X, Herr K. Postoperative pain intensity assessment: a comparison of four scales in Chinese adults. Pain Med. 2007;8(3):223–34.
  • 21. van Dijk J.F.M, van Wijck A.J.M, Kappen T.H, Peelen L.M, Kalkman C.J, Schuurmans M.J. Postoperative pain assessment based on numeric ratings is not the same for patients and professionals: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2012;49:65-71.
  • 22. Temiz Z, Özer N. Ameliyat sonrası ağrı şiddetinin dört farklı ağrı ölçeği ile karşılaştırılması. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2015;18 (4): 245-51.
  • 23. Eti-Aslan F. Postoperatif ağrı değerlendirmesinde görsel kıyaslama ve basit tanımlayıcı ölçeklerin duyarlılık ve seçiciliklerinin karşılaştırılması. VI. Ulusal Hemşirelik Kongresi, Ankara, 1998, s.178-186.
  • 24. Ersöz M, Yanıkoğlu İ, Ergün S. Diz osteoartriti olgularında fonksiyonel diz ağrısı değerlendirme yöntemlerinin incelenmesi. Türk J Ger 2001;4(2):69-72.
  • 25. Kjeldsen HB, Klausen TW, Rosenberg J. Preferred presentation of the Visual Analog Scale for measure of postoperative pain. Pain Pract. 2016;16(8):980-984.
  • 26. Bech RD, Lauritsen J, Ovesen O, Overgaard S. The Verbal Rating Scale Is Reliable for Assessment of Postoperative Pain in Hip Fracture Patients. Pain Research and Treatment 2015; Article ID 676212.
  • 27. Williamson A, Hoggart B. Pain: a review of three commonly used pain rating scales. J Clin Nurs. 2005;14(7):798-804.
  • 28. Karahan A, Ersayın A, Yıldırım F, Abbasoğlu A, Akkuzu, Akyüz N. Comparison of three rating scales for assessing pain intensity in an intensive care unit. Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2012;20(1):50-5.
  • 29. Arıkan R. Araştırma teknikleri ve rapor hazırlama. Ankara: Asil Yayın. 2004, s.152.
  • 30. Wang, X.‐H.; Gao, W.‐L. Patients' preoperative preference and postoperative implementation for four pain scales. European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 2014:31; 224. 31. Wells N, Chris Pasero, Margo McCaffery. Improving the Quality of Care Through Pain Assessment and Management. In: Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Editor Hughes RG. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). 2008.
  • 32. Brunelli C, Zecca E, Martini C, Campa T, Fagnoni E, Bagnasco M, Lanata L, Caraceni A. Comparison of numerical and verbal rating scales to measure pain exacerbations in patients with chronic cancer pain. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2011;22(8):42.
  • 33. van Dijk JFM, Kappen TH, van Wijck AJM, Kalkman CJ, Schuurmans MJ. The diagnostic value of the numeric pain rating scale in older postoperative patients. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2012;21:3018-24.
  • 34. Taylor LJ, Herr K. Pain intensity assessment: a comparison of selected pain intensity scales for use in cognitively intact and cognitively impaired African American older adults. Pain Manag Nurs. 2003;4(2):87-95.
  • 35. Bashir MSM, Khade A, Barkar P, Saleem M, Lingoswamy V, Reddy D. A Comparative study between different pain rating scales in patients of osteoarthritis. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2013;57(2):205-208.
  • 36. Ellis JA, Ootoova A, Blouin R, Rowley B, Taylor M. DeCourtney C, Joyce M, Greenley W, Gaboury I. Establishing the psychometric properties and preferences for the Northern Pain Scale. International Journal of Circumpolar Health. 2011: 70(3); 274-285.

Comparison of four different pain scales in the evaluation of postoperative acute pain intensity

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 45 Sayı: 4, 1562 - 1571, 27.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.741465

Öz

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to compare the level of compliance and patient preferences among the Visual Analogue, Numerical Rating, Verbal Descriptor and Facial Pain Rating scales that are commonly used in adults, including the elderly.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using a descriptive research model at the surgery clinics of a university hospital between March 17 and June 17, 2016. A total of 120 adult patients, being 40 in each group, were included in the study. Individual Characteristics Form, Visual Analogue Scale, Numerical Rating Scale, Verbal Descriptor Scale and Facial Pain Scales were used to collect the data.
Result: In this study, the correlation coefficients between 0.71 - 0.83 and four pain scales were found to be in conformity with each other. Numerical Rating Scale was the most simple scale that was preferred to be used in the future by all patients with the least error rate, while the Visual Descriptor Scale was the least simple and least preferred scale by the patients with the highest error rate. The most simple and more preferred scale to use by young and middle-aged patients was the Numerical Rating Scale, while the elderly selected the Visual Descriptor Scale as the most simple and more preferred scale to use.
Conclusion: The four scales are in good agreement with each other and Numerical Rating Scale is the first choice, the Verbal Descriptor Scale is the second choice, and the Visual Analogue Scale is the last choice in evaluating the postoperative acute pain intensity.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Sloman R, Wruble AW, Rosen G, Rom M. Determination of clinically meaningful levels of pain reduction in patients experiencing acute postoperative pain. Pain Manag Nurs. 2006;7(4):153-8.
  • 2. Chou R, Gordon DB,de Leon-Casasola OA, Rosenberg JM, Bickler S, Brennan T, Carter T et al. Guidelines on the Management of Postoperative Pain. The Journal of Pain. 2016; 17(2): 131-157.
  • 3. Acar K, Acar H, Demir F, Eti Aslan F. Cerrahi Sonrası Ağrı Insidansı ve Analjezik Kullanım Miktarının Belirlenmesi. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2016;7(2):85-91.
  • 4. Büyükyilmaz FE, Aşti T. Postoperative pain characteristics in Turkish orthopedic patients. Pain Manag Nurs. 2010;11(2):76-84.
  • 5. Ene KW, Nordberg G, Bergh I, Johansson FG, Sjöström B. Postoperative pain management-the influence of surgical ward nurses. J Clin Nurs. 2008;17(15):2042-50. 6. Gerbershagen HJ, Aduckathil S, van Wijck AJ, Peelen LM, Kalkman CJ, Meissner W. Pain intensity on the first day after surgery: a prospective cohort study comparing 179 surgical procedures. Anesthesiology. 2013;118(4):934-44.
  • 7. Meissner W, Coluzzi F, Fletcher D, Huygen F, Morlion B, Neugebauer E, Pérez AM, Pergolizzi J. Improving the management of post-operative acute pain: priorities for change. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2015;31(11): 2131-2143.
  • 8. Vila Jr. H, Smith RA, Augustyniak MJ, Nagi PA, Soto RG, Ross TW, et al. The efficacy and safety of pain management before and after implementation of hospital-wide pain management standards: Is patient safety compromised by treatment based solely on numerical pain ratings? Anesth Analg. 2005;101(2):474-80.
  • 9. Mackintosh C. Assesment and management of patients with post-operative patients. Nurs Stand. 2007;5:49-55.
  • 10. Sayin YY, Akyolcu N. Comparison of pain scale preferences and pain intensity according to pain scales among Turkish Patients: a descriptive study. Pain Manag Nurs. 2014;15(1):156-64.
  • 11. Zhou Y, Petpichetchian W, Kitrungrote L. Psychometric properties of pain intensity scales comparing among postoperative adult patients, elderly patients without and with mild cognitive impairment in China. Int J Nurs Stud. 2011;48(4):449-57.
  • 12. Li L, Herr K, Chen P. Postoperative pain assessment with three intensity scales in Chinese elders. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2009;41(3):241-9.
  • 13. Ahlers SJGM, van Gulik L, van der Veen AM, van Dongen HPA, Bruins P, Belitser SV, de Boer A, Tibboel D, Knibbe CAJ. Comparison of different pain scoring systems in critically ill patients in a general ICU. Critical Care. 2008, 12:R15
  • 14. Gagliese 2005; Gagliese L, Weizblit N, Ellis W, Chan VWS. The measurement of postoperative pain: a comparison of intensity scales in younger and older surgical patients. Pain. 2005;117:412-20.
  • 15. Ferreira-Valente MA, Pais-Ribeiro JL, Jensen MP. Validity of four pain intensity rating scales. Pain. 2011;152(10):2399-404.
  • 16. Breivik H, Borchgrevink PC, Allen SM, Rosseland LA, Romundstad L, Hals EK, Kvarstein G, Stubhaug A. Assessment of pain. Br J Anaesth. 2008;101(1):17-24.
  • 17. Hjermstad MJ, Fayers PM, Haugen DF, Caraceni A, Hanks GW, Loge JH, Fainsinger R, Aass N, Kaasa S; European Palliative Care Research Collaborative (EPCRC). Studies comparing Numerical Rating Scales, Verbal Rating Scales, and Visual Analogue Scales for assessment of pain intensity in adults: a systematic literature review. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2011;41(6):1073-93.
  • 18. Herr KA, Spratt K, Mobily PR, Richardson G. Pain intensity assessment in older adults: use of experimental pain to compare psychometric properties and usability of selected pain scales with younger adults. Clin J Pain. 2004;20(4):207-19.
  • 19. Peters ML, Patijn J, Lamé I. Pain assessment in younger and older pain patients: psychometric properties and patient preference of five commonly used measures of pain intensity. Pain Med. 2007;8(7):601-10.
  • 20. Li L, Liu X, Herr K. Postoperative pain intensity assessment: a comparison of four scales in Chinese adults. Pain Med. 2007;8(3):223–34.
  • 21. van Dijk J.F.M, van Wijck A.J.M, Kappen T.H, Peelen L.M, Kalkman C.J, Schuurmans M.J. Postoperative pain assessment based on numeric ratings is not the same for patients and professionals: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2012;49:65-71.
  • 22. Temiz Z, Özer N. Ameliyat sonrası ağrı şiddetinin dört farklı ağrı ölçeği ile karşılaştırılması. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2015;18 (4): 245-51.
  • 23. Eti-Aslan F. Postoperatif ağrı değerlendirmesinde görsel kıyaslama ve basit tanımlayıcı ölçeklerin duyarlılık ve seçiciliklerinin karşılaştırılması. VI. Ulusal Hemşirelik Kongresi, Ankara, 1998, s.178-186.
  • 24. Ersöz M, Yanıkoğlu İ, Ergün S. Diz osteoartriti olgularında fonksiyonel diz ağrısı değerlendirme yöntemlerinin incelenmesi. Türk J Ger 2001;4(2):69-72.
  • 25. Kjeldsen HB, Klausen TW, Rosenberg J. Preferred presentation of the Visual Analog Scale for measure of postoperative pain. Pain Pract. 2016;16(8):980-984.
  • 26. Bech RD, Lauritsen J, Ovesen O, Overgaard S. The Verbal Rating Scale Is Reliable for Assessment of Postoperative Pain in Hip Fracture Patients. Pain Research and Treatment 2015; Article ID 676212.
  • 27. Williamson A, Hoggart B. Pain: a review of three commonly used pain rating scales. J Clin Nurs. 2005;14(7):798-804.
  • 28. Karahan A, Ersayın A, Yıldırım F, Abbasoğlu A, Akkuzu, Akyüz N. Comparison of three rating scales for assessing pain intensity in an intensive care unit. Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2012;20(1):50-5.
  • 29. Arıkan R. Araştırma teknikleri ve rapor hazırlama. Ankara: Asil Yayın. 2004, s.152.
  • 30. Wang, X.‐H.; Gao, W.‐L. Patients' preoperative preference and postoperative implementation for four pain scales. European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 2014:31; 224. 31. Wells N, Chris Pasero, Margo McCaffery. Improving the Quality of Care Through Pain Assessment and Management. In: Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Editor Hughes RG. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). 2008.
  • 32. Brunelli C, Zecca E, Martini C, Campa T, Fagnoni E, Bagnasco M, Lanata L, Caraceni A. Comparison of numerical and verbal rating scales to measure pain exacerbations in patients with chronic cancer pain. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2011;22(8):42.
  • 33. van Dijk JFM, Kappen TH, van Wijck AJM, Kalkman CJ, Schuurmans MJ. The diagnostic value of the numeric pain rating scale in older postoperative patients. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2012;21:3018-24.
  • 34. Taylor LJ, Herr K. Pain intensity assessment: a comparison of selected pain intensity scales for use in cognitively intact and cognitively impaired African American older adults. Pain Manag Nurs. 2003;4(2):87-95.
  • 35. Bashir MSM, Khade A, Barkar P, Saleem M, Lingoswamy V, Reddy D. A Comparative study between different pain rating scales in patients of osteoarthritis. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2013;57(2):205-208.
  • 36. Ellis JA, Ootoova A, Blouin R, Rowley B, Taylor M. DeCourtney C, Joyce M, Greenley W, Gaboury I. Establishing the psychometric properties and preferences for the Northern Pain Scale. International Journal of Circumpolar Health. 2011: 70(3); 274-285.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Cerrahi
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Aysel Gürkan 0000-0002-9898-1868

Kadriye Aldemir 0000-0002-7447-3148

Işıl Işık Andsoy 0000-0002-5271-4203

Asiye Gül 0000-0002-4440-5769

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Aralık 2020
Kabul Tarihi 2 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 45 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

MLA Gürkan, Aysel vd. “Ameliyat Sonrası Akut ağrı yoğunluğunun değerlendirilmesinde dört Farklı ağrı ölçeğinin karşılaştırılması”. Cukurova Medical Journal, c. 45, sy. 4, 2020, ss. 1562-71, doi:10.17826/cumj.741465.