Öz
This article argues that the Byzantine romance known as Digenes Akrites has more to offer historians than is often recognized. Regardless of the fictional nature of the story or of the exact date of its composition, the Digenes tale can serve as an exemplar of the kinds of interactions which regularly took place in the frontier regions between the Byzantine and Muslim worlds and the social values and cultural mores that guided such interactions. If taken as a paradigm of otherwise invisible conditions along the frontier regions of southeastern Anatolia, Digenes can shed new light on an otherwise dark and incomplete picture. It is, in fact, a frontier world in and of itself, in which outside powers, both Muslim and Byzantine, are distant images and only occasional players.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Digenes Akrites Byzantine Literature Frontier History Byzantium and the Islamic World
Kaynakça
- Bartikian, Hratch, “Armenia and Armenians in the Byzantine Epic,” in Digenes Akrites: New Approaches to Byzantine Heroic Poetry, ed. Roderick Beaton and David Ricks, Ashgate, Aldershot 1993, p.86-92.
- Beaton, Roderick. The Medieval Greek Romance, second edition. New York: Routledge, 1996.
- Bekker, Immanuel, ed., Theophanes continuatus, Ioannes Caminiata, Symeon Magister, Georgius Monachus continuatus, CSHB 33, E. Weber, Bonn 1838.
- Bryer, Anthony. “The Historian’s Digenes Akrites.” In Digenes Akrites: New Approaches to Byzantine Heroic Poetry. Eds. Roderick Beaton and David Ricks. 93-102. Hampshire: Ashgate, 1993.
- Cahen, Claude, “Futuwwa,” in The Encyclopedia of Islam: New Edition, ed. R. Lewis, Ch. Pellat, and J. Schacht, Leiden: Brill, 1965.
- Cheynet, Jean-Claude, “Bureaucracy and Aristocracies,” in The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies, ed. Elizabeth Jeffreys, with John Haldon and Robin Cormack, 518-26. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
- Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos, De Ceremoniis, ed. J. J. Reiske, De ceremoniis aulae Byzantinae, Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, CSHB 9-11, E. Weber, Bonn 1829.
- Dadoyan, Seta. Islam and the Armenians: Paradigms of Medieval Interactions, vol. 1: The Arab Period in Armīnyah – Seventh to Eleventh Centuries, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ 2011.
- Efthymiadis, Stephanos, ed., The Ashgate Research Companion to Byzantine Hagiography, Vol. II: Genres and Context, Ashgate, Burlington, VT 2014.
- Eustathios of Thessaloniki, Commentarii ad Homeri Odysseam, ed. G. Stallbaum, Eustathii archiepiscopi Thessalonicensis commentarii ad Homeri Odysseam, 2 vols, Olms, Hildesheim, 1970.
- Grégoire, Henri. “Études sur l’épopée byzantine,” Revue des Études Grecques 46 (1933): 26-69.
- Grégoire, Henri. “Le tombeau et la date de Digénis Akritas.” Byzantion 6, (1931): 481-508.
- Haldon, J.F. and Kennedy, H., “The Arab-Byzantine Frontier in the Eighth and Ninth Centuries: Military Organization and Society in the Borderlands,” in Arab-Byzantine Relations in Early Islamic Times, ed. Michael Bonner. 141-78. Ashgate, Burlington, VT, 2004.
- Holmes, Catherine. “Byzantium’s Eastern Frontier in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries,” in Medieval Frontiers: Concepts and Practices, ed. David Abulafia and Nora Berend, 83-104. Ashgate, Burlington, VT 2002.
- Huxley, G. L. “Antecedents and Context of Digenes Akrites.” Greek Roman and Byzantine Studies 15 (1974): 317-38.
- Huxley, G.L. “Topics in Byzantine Historical Geography,” Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Section C, Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, and Literature, vol. 82C, (1982): 89-110.
- Jeffreys, Elizabeth, ed. and trans., Digenis Akritis: The Grottaferrata and Escorial Versions, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
- Jouanno, Corinne. “Shared Spaces 1: Digenis Akritis, the Two-Blooded Border Lord,” in C. Cupane and B. Krönung. eds., Fictional Storytelling in Medieval Eastern Mediterranean and Beyond, ed. C. Cupane and B. Krönung, Leiden: Brill, 2016, 260-84.
- Kayaalp, Pinar. “Frontier Warriors as Cultural Mediators: Shifting Identities of Byzantine and Turkish March Fighters as Elicited from Anatolian Epic Literature,” Mediaevistik 25, (2012): 119-30.
- Kitapçı Bayrı, Buket. Warriors, Martyrs, and Dervishes: Moving Frontiers, Shifting Identities in the Land of Rome (13th-15th Centuries), Leiden: Brill, 2020.
- Komnene, Anna. Alexiad, ed. D.R. Reinsch and A. Kambylis, Annae Comnenae Alexias, CFHB 40, Berlin and New York: W. de Gruyter, 2001.
- Leidholm, Nathan. Elite Byzantine Kinship, c. 950-1204: Blood, Reputation, and the Genos, Leeds: Arc Humanities Press 2019.
- Lemerle, Paul. “L’histoire des Pauliciens d’Asie Mineure d’après les sources grecques,” Travaux et Mémoires 5, (1973): 1-145.
- Magdalino, Paul. “Honour among Romaioi: the Framework of Social Values in the World of Digenes Akrites and Kekaumenos,” Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 13, (1989): 183-218.
- Oikonomidès, Nicolas. “L’épopée de Digenis et la frontière orientale de Byzance aux Xe et XIe siècles,” Travaux et Mémoires 7, (1979): 374-97.
- Ott, Claudia. “Shared Spaces: 2 Cross-border Warriors in the Arabian Folk Epic,” in Fictional Story-telling in the Eastern Mediterranean and Beyond, ed. Caroline Cupane and Bettina Krönung, Leiden: Brill 2016, 285-310.
- Polemis, Demetrios I. The Doukai: A Contribution to Byzantine Prosopography. London: Althone Press 1968.
- Sophocles, E. A. “A Glossary of Later and Byzantine Greek,” Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences: New Series, vol. 7, 1860, 1-624.
- Vleuten, Eric van der and Torsten Feys. “ Borders and Frontiers in Global and Transnational History Introduction,” Journal of Modern European History / Zeitschrift für moderne europäische Geschichte / Revue d'histoire européenne contemporaine 14, no. 1 (2016): 29-34.
Öz
This article argues that the Byzantine romance known as Digenes Akrites has more to offer historians than is often recognized. Regardless of the fictional nature of the story or of the exact date of its composition, the Digenes tale can serve as an exemplar of the kinds of interactions which regularly took place in the frontier regions between the Byzantine and Muslim worlds and the social values and cultural mores that guided such interactions. If taken as a paradigm of otherwise invisible conditions along the frontier regions of southeastern Anatolia, Digenes can shed new light on an otherwise dark and incomplete picture. It is, in fact, a frontier world in and of itself, in which outside powers, both Muslim and Byzantine, are distant images and only occasional players.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Digenes Akrites Bizans Edebiyatı Sınır Tarihi Bizans ve İslam Dünyası
Kaynakça
- Bartikian, Hratch, “Armenia and Armenians in the Byzantine Epic,” in Digenes Akrites: New Approaches to Byzantine Heroic Poetry, ed. Roderick Beaton and David Ricks, Ashgate, Aldershot 1993, p.86-92.
- Beaton, Roderick. The Medieval Greek Romance, second edition. New York: Routledge, 1996.
- Bekker, Immanuel, ed., Theophanes continuatus, Ioannes Caminiata, Symeon Magister, Georgius Monachus continuatus, CSHB 33, E. Weber, Bonn 1838.
- Bryer, Anthony. “The Historian’s Digenes Akrites.” In Digenes Akrites: New Approaches to Byzantine Heroic Poetry. Eds. Roderick Beaton and David Ricks. 93-102. Hampshire: Ashgate, 1993.
- Cahen, Claude, “Futuwwa,” in The Encyclopedia of Islam: New Edition, ed. R. Lewis, Ch. Pellat, and J. Schacht, Leiden: Brill, 1965.
- Cheynet, Jean-Claude, “Bureaucracy and Aristocracies,” in The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies, ed. Elizabeth Jeffreys, with John Haldon and Robin Cormack, 518-26. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
- Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos, De Ceremoniis, ed. J. J. Reiske, De ceremoniis aulae Byzantinae, Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, CSHB 9-11, E. Weber, Bonn 1829.
- Dadoyan, Seta. Islam and the Armenians: Paradigms of Medieval Interactions, vol. 1: The Arab Period in Armīnyah – Seventh to Eleventh Centuries, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ 2011.
- Efthymiadis, Stephanos, ed., The Ashgate Research Companion to Byzantine Hagiography, Vol. II: Genres and Context, Ashgate, Burlington, VT 2014.
- Eustathios of Thessaloniki, Commentarii ad Homeri Odysseam, ed. G. Stallbaum, Eustathii archiepiscopi Thessalonicensis commentarii ad Homeri Odysseam, 2 vols, Olms, Hildesheim, 1970.
- Grégoire, Henri. “Études sur l’épopée byzantine,” Revue des Études Grecques 46 (1933): 26-69.
- Grégoire, Henri. “Le tombeau et la date de Digénis Akritas.” Byzantion 6, (1931): 481-508.
- Haldon, J.F. and Kennedy, H., “The Arab-Byzantine Frontier in the Eighth and Ninth Centuries: Military Organization and Society in the Borderlands,” in Arab-Byzantine Relations in Early Islamic Times, ed. Michael Bonner. 141-78. Ashgate, Burlington, VT, 2004.
- Holmes, Catherine. “Byzantium’s Eastern Frontier in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries,” in Medieval Frontiers: Concepts and Practices, ed. David Abulafia and Nora Berend, 83-104. Ashgate, Burlington, VT 2002.
- Huxley, G. L. “Antecedents and Context of Digenes Akrites.” Greek Roman and Byzantine Studies 15 (1974): 317-38.
- Huxley, G.L. “Topics in Byzantine Historical Geography,” Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Section C, Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, and Literature, vol. 82C, (1982): 89-110.
- Jeffreys, Elizabeth, ed. and trans., Digenis Akritis: The Grottaferrata and Escorial Versions, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
- Jouanno, Corinne. “Shared Spaces 1: Digenis Akritis, the Two-Blooded Border Lord,” in C. Cupane and B. Krönung. eds., Fictional Storytelling in Medieval Eastern Mediterranean and Beyond, ed. C. Cupane and B. Krönung, Leiden: Brill, 2016, 260-84.
- Kayaalp, Pinar. “Frontier Warriors as Cultural Mediators: Shifting Identities of Byzantine and Turkish March Fighters as Elicited from Anatolian Epic Literature,” Mediaevistik 25, (2012): 119-30.
- Kitapçı Bayrı, Buket. Warriors, Martyrs, and Dervishes: Moving Frontiers, Shifting Identities in the Land of Rome (13th-15th Centuries), Leiden: Brill, 2020.
- Komnene, Anna. Alexiad, ed. D.R. Reinsch and A. Kambylis, Annae Comnenae Alexias, CFHB 40, Berlin and New York: W. de Gruyter, 2001.
- Leidholm, Nathan. Elite Byzantine Kinship, c. 950-1204: Blood, Reputation, and the Genos, Leeds: Arc Humanities Press 2019.
- Lemerle, Paul. “L’histoire des Pauliciens d’Asie Mineure d’après les sources grecques,” Travaux et Mémoires 5, (1973): 1-145.
- Magdalino, Paul. “Honour among Romaioi: the Framework of Social Values in the World of Digenes Akrites and Kekaumenos,” Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 13, (1989): 183-218.
- Oikonomidès, Nicolas. “L’épopée de Digenis et la frontière orientale de Byzance aux Xe et XIe siècles,” Travaux et Mémoires 7, (1979): 374-97.
- Ott, Claudia. “Shared Spaces: 2 Cross-border Warriors in the Arabian Folk Epic,” in Fictional Story-telling in the Eastern Mediterranean and Beyond, ed. Caroline Cupane and Bettina Krönung, Leiden: Brill 2016, 285-310.
- Polemis, Demetrios I. The Doukai: A Contribution to Byzantine Prosopography. London: Althone Press 1968.
- Sophocles, E. A. “A Glossary of Later and Byzantine Greek,” Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences: New Series, vol. 7, 1860, 1-624.
- Vleuten, Eric van der and Torsten Feys. “ Borders and Frontiers in Global and Transnational History Introduction,” Journal of Modern European History / Zeitschrift für moderne europäische Geschichte / Revue d'histoire européenne contemporaine 14, no. 1 (2016): 29-34.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Bizans Tarihi, Türk İslam Devletleri Tarihi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 10 Şubat 2024 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 10 Şubat 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 2 Kasım 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 6 Ocak 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1 |
