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Toksik Liderlik Örgütsel Sağlığı Olumsuz Yönde Tetikler mi?

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 442 - 459, 09.04.2016
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.41373

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, toksik liderlik biçiminin örgütsel sağlığı etkileyip etkilemediğini
ortaya koymaktır. Örgütsel sağlık, örgütün çevresel değişimlere uyum sağlayabilmesi amacıyla
çalışanların fiziksel ve ruhsal olarak kendini iyi hissetmesi, bu durumun da örgütü ve örgütsel
iklimi olumlu etkilemesidir. Bir örgütün lideri olarak yöneticinin kötü liderlik göstermesi,
çalışanın ve dolayısıyla örgütün sağlığını bozabilmektedir. Çalışmada, örgüt sağlığını olumsuz
şekilde etkileyeceği iddia edilen toksik liderlik biçimi temel alınmıştır. Toksik lider, örgüt içinde
çalışanlara kötü davranan, onları devamlı aşağılayan, narsist eğilimleri olan bir lider tipidir.
Kendini çalışanlarına kabul ettirmek için, yüksek ölçüde kontrol yetkisini kullanması çalışanların
moral, motivasyon ve verimliliğini düşürmekte, örgüt için yıkıcı olmakta, örgütsel iklimi
olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Çalışmada, toksik liderlik özelliklerinin örgütsel sağlığı nasıl
etkilediği karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiş toksik liderlik ile örgütsel sağlık arasındaki ilişkiyi
açıklayan önermeler yapılmıştır. Yapılan çıkarımlarda toksik liderin yıldırma davranışları,
istismarcı, narsist ve otoriter kişiliği çalışanların dolayısıyla örgütün sağlığını olumsuz olarak
etkilediği yönündedir.

Kaynakça

  • Aguirre, D., Howell, L, W. Jr., Kletter, D. & Neilson, G. L. (2005). A global checkup: Diagnosing the health of today’s organizations. Strategy-Business, November 17, erişim tarihi: 08.02.2016, http://www.strategy-business.com/article/rr00026?gko=80c95
  • Akbaba Altun, S. (2001). Örgüt Sağlığı, Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Ashforth, B. (1994). Petty tyranny in organizations. Human Relations, 47, 755-779.
  • Bass, B. M.;, Avolio, B. J. & Atwater, L. E. (1996). The transformational and transactional leadership of men and women. Applied Psychology: an An International Review, 45: , 5–34, Doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.1996.tb00847.x.
  • Bhagat, R. S., Steverson, P. K. & Segovis, J. C. (2007). International and cultural variations in employee assistance programmes: Implications for managerial health and effectiveness. Journal of Management Studies, 44(2), 222-242.
  • Çelebi, N., Güner, H. & Yıldız, V. (2015). Toksik Liderlik Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi. Bartın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 249-268, Doi: 10.14686/BUEFAD.2015111056
  • de Hoogh, A. H. B., & den Hartog, D. N. (2009). Neuroticism and locus of control as moderators of the relationships of charismatic and autocratic leadership with burnout. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 1058–1067.
  • de Hoogh, A. H. B., Greer, L. L. & den Hartog, D. N. (2015). Diabolical dictators or capable commanders? An investigation of the differential effects of autocratic leadership on team performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(5), 687–701, doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.01.001.
  • Dearlove, D. (2003). Interview: Manfred Kets de Vries: The dark side of leadership. Business Strategy Review, 14 (3), 25-28, Doi: 10.1111/1467-8616.00269
  • Deluga, R. J. (1997). Relationship among American presidential charismatic leadership, narcissism, and rated performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 8 (1), 49- 65, Doi:10.1016/S1048-9843(97)90030-8
  • Ertureten, A., Cemalcilar, Z. & Aycan, Z. (2013). The relationship of downward mobbing with leadership style and organizational attitudes. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(1), 205-216.
  • Flynn, G. (1999). Stop toxic leaders before they stop you! Workforce. August, 44-46, erişim tarihi 05.01.2016. http://www.workforce.com/archive/ feature/22/22/12/223888/php.
  • Gilbert, J. A., Carr-Ruffino, N., Ivancevich, J. M. & Konopaske, R. (2012). Toxic versus cooperative behaviors at work: the role of organizational culture and leadership in creating community-centered organizations. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 7(1), 29-47.
  • Goldman, A. (2006). High toxicity leadership: Borderline personality disorder and the dysfunctional organization. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21, 733-746.
  • Goldman, A. (2008). Company on the couch: Unveiling toxic behavior in dysfunctional organizations. Journal of Management Inquiry, 1, 226-238.
  • Graen, G. B., Novak, M. A. & Sommerkamp, P. (1982). The effects of leader-member exchange and job design on productivity and satisfaction: Testing a dual attachment model. Organizational Behavior & Human Performance, 30 (1): 109–131, Doi:10.1016/0030-5073(82)90236-7.
  • Housman, M. & Minor, D. (2015). Toxic Workers. (November 16). Harvard Business School Strategy Unit Working Paper No. 16-057. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2677700 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2677700.
  • Judge, T. A., LePine, J. A. & Rich, B. L. (2006). Loving yourself abundantly: relationship of the narcissistic personality to self- and other perceptions of workplace deviance, leadership, and task and contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 762-776.
  • Kets de Vries, M. F. & Miller, D. (1985). Narcissism and leadership: An object relations perspective. Human Relations, 38(6), 583-601, Doi: 10.1177/001872678503800606.
  • Kets de Vries, M. F. (1999). What’s playing in the organizational theater? Collusive relationships in management. Human Relations, 52(6), 745-773, Doi: 10.1177/001872679905200604.
  • Koçel, T., (2014). İşletme Yöneticiliği: Yönetim ve Organizasyon, Organizasyonlarda. Davranış, Klasik-Modern-Çağdaş ve Güncel Yaklaşımlar, İstanbul: Beta Yayınevi.
  • Konan, N. & Kırbaç, M. (2013). Eğitim örgütlerinde toksik liderlik. Ulusal Eğitim Yönetim Kongresi Bildiri Özetleri, 7-9 Kasım, 62-64, İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi, Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi.
  • Lipman-Blumen, J. (2005). Toxic leadership: When grand illusions masquerade as noble visions. Leader to Leader, Spring, 36, 29-36, Doi: 10.1002/ltl.125.
  • Lyden, J. A. & Klingele, W. E. (2000). Supervising organizational health. Supervision, 61 (12), 3-6
  • Machiavelli, Nicolo N. (1999). The Prince, İngilizceye Çeviren W. K. Marriott, Electronically Enhanced Text, World Library, 4th Editon, CD-Rom içinde, s. 84.
  • Macik-Frey, M., Quick, J. C. & Cooper, C. L. (2009). Authentic leadership as a pathway to positive health. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 30, 453-458.
  • Macintosh, R., MacLean, D. & Burns, H. (2007), ). Health in organization: Towards a process-based view. Journal of Management Studies, 44(2), 206-221, Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00685.x.
  • Meng, F., Zhang, J. & Huang, Z., (2014), Perceived organizational health as a mediator for job expectations: A multidimansional imtegrated model. Public Personnel Management, 43(3), 355-370.
  • Miles, M. B. (1969). “lanned change and organizational health: Figure and ground. F. D. Carver & T. J. Sergiovanni (Eds.), Organizations and Human Behavior: Focus On Schools Schools içinde (ss. 375-391), New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
  • Mohammadisadr, M., Seyyedali, S. & Azizollah, A. (2012). Relationship between managers’ performance and organizational health. International Education Studies, 5(3), 228-234.
  • Padilla, A., Hogan, R. & Kaiser, R. B. (2007). The toxic triangle: Destructive leaders, susceptible followers, and conducive environments. The Leadership Quarterly, 18, 176–194, doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.03.001
  • Quick, J. C., Macik-Frey, M. & Cooper, C. L. (2007). Managerial dimensions of organizational health: The healthy leader at work. Journal of Management Studies, 44(2), 189-205, Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00684.x.
  • Reed, G. E. (2004). Toxic leadership. Military Review, July-August, 67-71.
  • Sabancı, A. (2009). The effect of primary school teachers burnout on organizational health. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1, January 5, 195-205.
  • Schaubroeck, J., Walumbwa, F. O., Ganster, D. C. & Kepes, S. (2007). Destructive leader traits and the neutralizing influence of an “enriched” job. The Leadership Quarterly, 18, 236–251.
  • Schmidt, A. A. (2008). Development and Validation of The Toxic Leadership Scale. Unpublished Master Theses, Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland.
  • Shoaf, C., Genaidy, A., Karwowski, W. & Huang, S. H. (2004). Improwing performance and quality of working life: a model for organizational health assessment in emerging enterprises. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, 14(1), 81-95.
  • Tavanti, M. (2011). Managing toxic leaders: Dysfunctional patterns in organizational leadership and how to deal with them. Human Resource Management (HRM), 6. Available at: http://works.bepress.com/marcotavanti/32/
  • Tepper, B. J. (2000). Consequences of abusive supervision, Academy of Management Journal, 43(2), 178-190, Doi: 10.2307/1556375.
  • Tepper, B. J. (2007). Abusive supervision in work organizations: Review, synthesis, and research agenda. Journal of Management, 33(3), 261-289, doi: 10.1177/0149206307300812.
  • Vandenberg, R. J., Park, K. O., DeJoy, D. M., Wilson, M. G. & Griffin-Blake, C. S. (2002) The healthy work organization model: Expanding the view of individual health and well being in the work place. Historical and Current Perspectives on Stress and Health, 2, 57-115.
  • Whicker, M. L. (1997). Minimizing the damage of a ‘toxic leader’. PA Times, 20, 1-2.
  • Wilson, B. R. A. & Wagner, D. A. (1997). Developing organizational health at the worksite. American Journal of Health Studies, 13(2), 105-111.
  • Wilson-Starks, K. Y. (2003). Toxic leadership. Transleadership, erişim tarihi 05.01.2016, http://www.transleadership.com/ToxicLeadership.pdf.
  • Zahed-Babelan, A. & Moenikia, M. (2010). A study of simple and multiple relations between organizational health and faculty trust in female high schools. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2 ,1532-1536.
Yıl 2016, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 442 - 459, 09.04.2016
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.41373

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Aguirre, D., Howell, L, W. Jr., Kletter, D. & Neilson, G. L. (2005). A global checkup: Diagnosing the health of today’s organizations. Strategy-Business, November 17, erişim tarihi: 08.02.2016, http://www.strategy-business.com/article/rr00026?gko=80c95
  • Akbaba Altun, S. (2001). Örgüt Sağlığı, Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Ashforth, B. (1994). Petty tyranny in organizations. Human Relations, 47, 755-779.
  • Bass, B. M.;, Avolio, B. J. & Atwater, L. E. (1996). The transformational and transactional leadership of men and women. Applied Psychology: an An International Review, 45: , 5–34, Doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.1996.tb00847.x.
  • Bhagat, R. S., Steverson, P. K. & Segovis, J. C. (2007). International and cultural variations in employee assistance programmes: Implications for managerial health and effectiveness. Journal of Management Studies, 44(2), 222-242.
  • Çelebi, N., Güner, H. & Yıldız, V. (2015). Toksik Liderlik Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi. Bartın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 249-268, Doi: 10.14686/BUEFAD.2015111056
  • de Hoogh, A. H. B., & den Hartog, D. N. (2009). Neuroticism and locus of control as moderators of the relationships of charismatic and autocratic leadership with burnout. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 1058–1067.
  • de Hoogh, A. H. B., Greer, L. L. & den Hartog, D. N. (2015). Diabolical dictators or capable commanders? An investigation of the differential effects of autocratic leadership on team performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(5), 687–701, doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.01.001.
  • Dearlove, D. (2003). Interview: Manfred Kets de Vries: The dark side of leadership. Business Strategy Review, 14 (3), 25-28, Doi: 10.1111/1467-8616.00269
  • Deluga, R. J. (1997). Relationship among American presidential charismatic leadership, narcissism, and rated performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 8 (1), 49- 65, Doi:10.1016/S1048-9843(97)90030-8
  • Ertureten, A., Cemalcilar, Z. & Aycan, Z. (2013). The relationship of downward mobbing with leadership style and organizational attitudes. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(1), 205-216.
  • Flynn, G. (1999). Stop toxic leaders before they stop you! Workforce. August, 44-46, erişim tarihi 05.01.2016. http://www.workforce.com/archive/ feature/22/22/12/223888/php.
  • Gilbert, J. A., Carr-Ruffino, N., Ivancevich, J. M. & Konopaske, R. (2012). Toxic versus cooperative behaviors at work: the role of organizational culture and leadership in creating community-centered organizations. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 7(1), 29-47.
  • Goldman, A. (2006). High toxicity leadership: Borderline personality disorder and the dysfunctional organization. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21, 733-746.
  • Goldman, A. (2008). Company on the couch: Unveiling toxic behavior in dysfunctional organizations. Journal of Management Inquiry, 1, 226-238.
  • Graen, G. B., Novak, M. A. & Sommerkamp, P. (1982). The effects of leader-member exchange and job design on productivity and satisfaction: Testing a dual attachment model. Organizational Behavior & Human Performance, 30 (1): 109–131, Doi:10.1016/0030-5073(82)90236-7.
  • Housman, M. & Minor, D. (2015). Toxic Workers. (November 16). Harvard Business School Strategy Unit Working Paper No. 16-057. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2677700 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2677700.
  • Judge, T. A., LePine, J. A. & Rich, B. L. (2006). Loving yourself abundantly: relationship of the narcissistic personality to self- and other perceptions of workplace deviance, leadership, and task and contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 762-776.
  • Kets de Vries, M. F. & Miller, D. (1985). Narcissism and leadership: An object relations perspective. Human Relations, 38(6), 583-601, Doi: 10.1177/001872678503800606.
  • Kets de Vries, M. F. (1999). What’s playing in the organizational theater? Collusive relationships in management. Human Relations, 52(6), 745-773, Doi: 10.1177/001872679905200604.
  • Koçel, T., (2014). İşletme Yöneticiliği: Yönetim ve Organizasyon, Organizasyonlarda. Davranış, Klasik-Modern-Çağdaş ve Güncel Yaklaşımlar, İstanbul: Beta Yayınevi.
  • Konan, N. & Kırbaç, M. (2013). Eğitim örgütlerinde toksik liderlik. Ulusal Eğitim Yönetim Kongresi Bildiri Özetleri, 7-9 Kasım, 62-64, İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi, Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi.
  • Lipman-Blumen, J. (2005). Toxic leadership: When grand illusions masquerade as noble visions. Leader to Leader, Spring, 36, 29-36, Doi: 10.1002/ltl.125.
  • Lyden, J. A. & Klingele, W. E. (2000). Supervising organizational health. Supervision, 61 (12), 3-6
  • Machiavelli, Nicolo N. (1999). The Prince, İngilizceye Çeviren W. K. Marriott, Electronically Enhanced Text, World Library, 4th Editon, CD-Rom içinde, s. 84.
  • Macik-Frey, M., Quick, J. C. & Cooper, C. L. (2009). Authentic leadership as a pathway to positive health. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 30, 453-458.
  • Macintosh, R., MacLean, D. & Burns, H. (2007), ). Health in organization: Towards a process-based view. Journal of Management Studies, 44(2), 206-221, Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00685.x.
  • Meng, F., Zhang, J. & Huang, Z., (2014), Perceived organizational health as a mediator for job expectations: A multidimansional imtegrated model. Public Personnel Management, 43(3), 355-370.
  • Miles, M. B. (1969). “lanned change and organizational health: Figure and ground. F. D. Carver & T. J. Sergiovanni (Eds.), Organizations and Human Behavior: Focus On Schools Schools içinde (ss. 375-391), New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
  • Mohammadisadr, M., Seyyedali, S. & Azizollah, A. (2012). Relationship between managers’ performance and organizational health. International Education Studies, 5(3), 228-234.
  • Padilla, A., Hogan, R. & Kaiser, R. B. (2007). The toxic triangle: Destructive leaders, susceptible followers, and conducive environments. The Leadership Quarterly, 18, 176–194, doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.03.001
  • Quick, J. C., Macik-Frey, M. & Cooper, C. L. (2007). Managerial dimensions of organizational health: The healthy leader at work. Journal of Management Studies, 44(2), 189-205, Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00684.x.
  • Reed, G. E. (2004). Toxic leadership. Military Review, July-August, 67-71.
  • Sabancı, A. (2009). The effect of primary school teachers burnout on organizational health. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1, January 5, 195-205.
  • Schaubroeck, J., Walumbwa, F. O., Ganster, D. C. & Kepes, S. (2007). Destructive leader traits and the neutralizing influence of an “enriched” job. The Leadership Quarterly, 18, 236–251.
  • Schmidt, A. A. (2008). Development and Validation of The Toxic Leadership Scale. Unpublished Master Theses, Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland.
  • Shoaf, C., Genaidy, A., Karwowski, W. & Huang, S. H. (2004). Improwing performance and quality of working life: a model for organizational health assessment in emerging enterprises. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, 14(1), 81-95.
  • Tavanti, M. (2011). Managing toxic leaders: Dysfunctional patterns in organizational leadership and how to deal with them. Human Resource Management (HRM), 6. Available at: http://works.bepress.com/marcotavanti/32/
  • Tepper, B. J. (2000). Consequences of abusive supervision, Academy of Management Journal, 43(2), 178-190, Doi: 10.2307/1556375.
  • Tepper, B. J. (2007). Abusive supervision in work organizations: Review, synthesis, and research agenda. Journal of Management, 33(3), 261-289, doi: 10.1177/0149206307300812.
  • Vandenberg, R. J., Park, K. O., DeJoy, D. M., Wilson, M. G. & Griffin-Blake, C. S. (2002) The healthy work organization model: Expanding the view of individual health and well being in the work place. Historical and Current Perspectives on Stress and Health, 2, 57-115.
  • Whicker, M. L. (1997). Minimizing the damage of a ‘toxic leader’. PA Times, 20, 1-2.
  • Wilson, B. R. A. & Wagner, D. A. (1997). Developing organizational health at the worksite. American Journal of Health Studies, 13(2), 105-111.
  • Wilson-Starks, K. Y. (2003). Toxic leadership. Transleadership, erişim tarihi 05.01.2016, http://www.transleadership.com/ToxicLeadership.pdf.
  • Zahed-Babelan, A. & Moenikia, M. (2010). A study of simple and multiple relations between organizational health and faculty trust in female high schools. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2 ,1532-1536.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Metin Reyhanoğlu

Özden Akın

Yayımlanma Tarihi 9 Nisan 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Reyhanoğlu, M., & Akın, Ö. (2016). Toksik Liderlik Örgütsel Sağlığı Olumsuz Yönde Tetikler mi?. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(3), 442-459. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.41373

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İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi  Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.