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How Successful is the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Kyrgyzstan?

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 580 - 599, 27.04.2023

Murat Avcı Kadir Ardıç

https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1246571

Öz

Entrepreneurship, which affects the increase of the welfare level of societies, is carried out in many countries to encourage and support policies. With the technological developments in the world, countries are trying to create and develop the entrepreneurship ecosystem. In particular, many private-state institutions such as techno parks and incubation centers on issues as investor networks, work areas, and know-how support technological entrepreneurs. Thanks to the development of the entrepreneurship ecosystem in question, the increase in entrepreneurship, the development and growth of startups are ensured. In this sense, it is aimed to examine the entrepreneurship ecosystem in Kyrgyzstan and to reveal the situation of startups in the country. The study conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 startups in Kyrgyzstan, focusing on startups. We analyzed the demographic characteristics of entrepreneurs, information about their enterprises, their relations in the entrepreneurship ecosystem, and support mechanisms in our research. As a result of analyses, the characteristics of the entrepreneurs in Kyrgyzstan and the entrepreneurship ecosystem were evaluated with discussion and results, the issues and suggestions that should be developed in the entrepreneurship ecosystem were presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Startup Kyrgyzstan

Destekleyen Kurum

-

Proje Numarası

-

Teşekkür

-

Kaynakça

  • "Dorozhnaq Karta" po realizacii Koncepcii cifrovoy transformacii "Cifrovoy Kjrgjzstan 2019-2023" Retrieved from https://www.gov.kg/ru/programs/12 (22.12.2022)
  • Audretsch, D. B., & Belitski, M. (2017). Entrepreneurial ecosystems in cities: establishing the framework conditions. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 42, 1030-1051.
  • Balawi, A. & Ayoub, A. (2022). Assessing the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Sweden: a comparative study with Finland and Norway using Global Entrepreneurship Index. Journal of Business and Socio-economic Development, 2(2), 165-180. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBSED-12-2021-0165
  • Baron, T., & Harima, A. (2019). The role of diaspora entrepreneurs in start-up ecosystem development-a Berlin case study. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 36(1-2), 74-102.
  • Cheah, S., Ho, Y. P., & Lim, P. (2016). Role of public science in fostering the innovation and startup ecosystem in Singapore. Asian Research Policy, 7(1), 78-93.
  • Chien, C. (2014). Startups and patent trolls. Stanford Technology Law Review, 17, 461-461.
  • Feld, B. (2012). Startup communities: building an entrepreneurial ecosystem in your city. Hoboken, New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Fraiberg, S. (2017). Start-up nation: Studying transnational entrepreneurial practices in Israel’s start-up ecosystem. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 31(3), 350-388.
  • Geibel, R. C., & Manickam, M. (2016). Comparison of selected startup ecosystems in Germany and in the USA Explorative analysis of the startup environments. Journal on Business Review (GBR), 4(3), 66-71.
  • Glesne, C. (2015). Nitel araştırmaya giriş. (5th Edition). Ankara: Anı Publishing.
  • Global Map of Startup Ecosystem Index-2022, www.startupblink.com
  • Hall, R.E. and Woodward, S.E. (2008), The Burden of the Non-Diversifiable Risk of Entrepreneurship (No. w14219), National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Hernández, C., & González, D. (2016). Study of the start-up ecosystem in Lima, Peru: Collective case study. Latin American Business Review, 17(2), 115-137.
  • Hernández, C., & González, D. (2017). Study of the start-up ecosystem in Lima, Peru: Analysis of interorganizational networks. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 12(1), 71-83.
  • High Technology Park of the Kyrgyz Republic, www.htp.kg (28.12.2022)
  • Increasing exports and digital entrepreneurship in Kyrgyzstan, https://etradeforall.org/news/increasing- exports-and-digital-entrepreneurship-in-kyrgyzstan/ (27.12.2022)
  • Intellectual property and innovation program, http://new2.patent.kg/wp-content/uploads/2022/11
  • Isenberg, D. (2014). What an entrepreneurship ecosystem actually is. Harvard Business Review, 5(1), 7.
  • Jain, S. (2016). Growth of startup ecosystems in India. International Journal of Applied Research, 2(12), 152-154.
  • Jáki, E., Molnár, E. M., & Kádár, B. (2019). Characteristics and challenges of the Hungarian startup ecosystem. Vezetéstudomány-Budapest Management Review, 50(5), 2-12.
  • Kon, F., Hazzan, O., Yuklea, H., Cukier, D., & Melo, C. D. O. (2015). A conceptual framework for software startup ecosystems: the case of Israel. Technical Report RT-MAC-2015-01.
  • Korreck, S. (2019). The Indian startup ecosystem: Drivers, challenges and pillars of support. ORF Occasional Paper, 210.
  • Kozak, M. (2015). Bilimsel araştırma: tasarım, yazım ve yayım teknikleri. Ankara: Detay Publishing.
  • KyrgyzPatent, 2017-2021 State Program for the Development of Intellectual Property in the Kyrgyz Republic, http://new2.patent.kg/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%A0-2022-2024.pdf (25.12.2022)
  • Laužikas, M., Tindale, H., Bilota, A., & Bielousovaitė, D. (2015). Contributions of sustainable start-up ecosystem to dynamics of start-up companies: the case of Lithuania. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 3, 8-24.
  • Leavitt, H.J. (2007). Big organizations are unhealthy environments for human beings. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 6(2), 253-263.
  • Malecki, E. J. (2018). Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial ecosystems. Geography Compass, 12(3), e12359.
  • Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: A sourcebook. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
  • Moore, J. F. (1993). Predators and prey: a new ecology of competition. Harvard Business Review, 71(3), 75-86.
  • Roundy, P.T. (2021). Leadership in startup communities: how incubator leaders develop a regional entrepreneurial ecosystem, Journal of Management Development, 40(3), 190-208. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-10-2020-0320
  • Salamzadeh, A., & Kawamorita Kesim, H. (2017). The enterprising communities and startup ecosystem in Iran. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 11(4), 456-479.
  • Singh, S., Chauhan, A., & Dhir, S. (2020). Analyzing the startup ecosystem of India: A Twitter analytics perspective. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 17(2), 262-281.
  • Spigel, B. (2017). The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(1), 49-72.
  • Stam, E. (2014). The Dutch entrepreneurial ecosystem. Available at SSRN 2473475 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2473475
  • Stam, E. (2015). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional policy: a sympathetic critique. European Planning Studies, 23(9), 1759-1769.
  • Stam, E., & Van de Ven, A. (2021). Entrepreneurial ecosystem elements. Small Business Economics, 56, 809-832 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00270-6
  • Startup Central Eurasia, information Kyrgyzstan, www.startupcentraleurasia.com (30.12.2022)
  • The World Bank in the Kyrgyz Republic, https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kyrgyzrepublic/overview (28.12.2022)
  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Kyrgyzstan is Improving the Business Environment and Private Entrepreneurship,https://www.undp.org/kyrgyzstan/press-releases/kyrgyzstan-improving- business-environment -and -private-entrepreneurship (25.12.2022)
  • Van Rijnsoever, F. J. (2022). Intermediaries for the greater good: How entrepreneurial support organizations can embed constrained sustainable development startups in entrepreneurial ecosystems. Research Policy, 51(2), 104438.
  • WEF - World Economic Forum (2013). Entrepreneurial Ecosystems Around the Globe and Company Growth Dynamics https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_EntrepreneurialEcosystems_Report_2013.pdf (20.12.2022)
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştirma yöntemleri (10th Edition). Ankara: Seçkin Publising.
  • Ziakis, C., Vlachopoulou, M., & Petridis, K. (2022). Start-up ecosystem (StUpEco): A conceptual framework and empirical research. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(1), 35.

Kırgızistan’da Girişimcilik Ekosistemi Ne Kadar Başarılı?

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 580 - 599, 27.04.2023

Murat Avcı Kadir Ardıç

https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1246571

Öz

Toplumların refah seviyesinin yükselmesine etki eden girişimcilik, birçok ülkede teşvik edilmesine ve desteklenmesine yönelik politikalar yürütülmektedir. Dünyadaki teknolojik gelişmelerle beraber ülkeler girişimcilik ekosistemini oluşturmaya ve geliştirmeye çalışmaktadır. Özellikle teknolojik girişimcileri teknoparklar, kuluçka merkezleri gibi birçok özel-devlet kuruluşları tarafından yatırımcı ilişkileri, çalışma alanları ve uzmanlık gibi farklı konularda desteklenmektedir. Söz konusu girişimcilik ekosisteminin gelişimi sayesinde girişimciliğin artması, girişimlerin gelişmesi ve büyümesi sağlanmaktadır. Bu anlamda çalışmada Kırgızistan’daki girişimcilik ekosistemini incelemek ve ülkedeki startupların durumunu ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada startuplara odaklanarak Kırgızistan’daki 21 startup ile yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat yapılmıştır. Araştırmada girişimcilerin demografik özellikleri, girişimlerine ait bilgiler, girişimcilik ekosistemindeki ilişkileri, destek mekanizmaları analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda Kırgızistan’daki girişimcilerin özellikleri ve girişimcilik ekosistemi tartışma ve sonuçlarla değerlendirilmiş, girişimcilik ekosisteminde geliştirilmesi gereken konular ve öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Girişimcilik Ekosistem Startup Kırgızistan

Proje Numarası

-

Kaynakça

  • "Dorozhnaq Karta" po realizacii Koncepcii cifrovoy transformacii "Cifrovoy Kjrgjzstan 2019-2023" Retrieved from https://www.gov.kg/ru/programs/12 (22.12.2022)
  • Audretsch, D. B., & Belitski, M. (2017). Entrepreneurial ecosystems in cities: establishing the framework conditions. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 42, 1030-1051.
  • Balawi, A. & Ayoub, A. (2022). Assessing the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Sweden: a comparative study with Finland and Norway using Global Entrepreneurship Index. Journal of Business and Socio-economic Development, 2(2), 165-180. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBSED-12-2021-0165
  • Baron, T., & Harima, A. (2019). The role of diaspora entrepreneurs in start-up ecosystem development-a Berlin case study. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 36(1-2), 74-102.
  • Cheah, S., Ho, Y. P., & Lim, P. (2016). Role of public science in fostering the innovation and startup ecosystem in Singapore. Asian Research Policy, 7(1), 78-93.
  • Chien, C. (2014). Startups and patent trolls. Stanford Technology Law Review, 17, 461-461.
  • Feld, B. (2012). Startup communities: building an entrepreneurial ecosystem in your city. Hoboken, New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Fraiberg, S. (2017). Start-up nation: Studying transnational entrepreneurial practices in Israel’s start-up ecosystem. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 31(3), 350-388.
  • Geibel, R. C., & Manickam, M. (2016). Comparison of selected startup ecosystems in Germany and in the USA Explorative analysis of the startup environments. Journal on Business Review (GBR), 4(3), 66-71.
  • Glesne, C. (2015). Nitel araştırmaya giriş. (5th Edition). Ankara: Anı Publishing.
  • Global Map of Startup Ecosystem Index-2022, www.startupblink.com
  • Hall, R.E. and Woodward, S.E. (2008), The Burden of the Non-Diversifiable Risk of Entrepreneurship (No. w14219), National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Hernández, C., & González, D. (2016). Study of the start-up ecosystem in Lima, Peru: Collective case study. Latin American Business Review, 17(2), 115-137.
  • Hernández, C., & González, D. (2017). Study of the start-up ecosystem in Lima, Peru: Analysis of interorganizational networks. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 12(1), 71-83.
  • High Technology Park of the Kyrgyz Republic, www.htp.kg (28.12.2022)
  • Increasing exports and digital entrepreneurship in Kyrgyzstan, https://etradeforall.org/news/increasing- exports-and-digital-entrepreneurship-in-kyrgyzstan/ (27.12.2022)
  • Intellectual property and innovation program, http://new2.patent.kg/wp-content/uploads/2022/11
  • Isenberg, D. (2014). What an entrepreneurship ecosystem actually is. Harvard Business Review, 5(1), 7.
  • Jain, S. (2016). Growth of startup ecosystems in India. International Journal of Applied Research, 2(12), 152-154.
  • Jáki, E., Molnár, E. M., & Kádár, B. (2019). Characteristics and challenges of the Hungarian startup ecosystem. Vezetéstudomány-Budapest Management Review, 50(5), 2-12.
  • Kon, F., Hazzan, O., Yuklea, H., Cukier, D., & Melo, C. D. O. (2015). A conceptual framework for software startup ecosystems: the case of Israel. Technical Report RT-MAC-2015-01.
  • Korreck, S. (2019). The Indian startup ecosystem: Drivers, challenges and pillars of support. ORF Occasional Paper, 210.
  • Kozak, M. (2015). Bilimsel araştırma: tasarım, yazım ve yayım teknikleri. Ankara: Detay Publishing.
  • KyrgyzPatent, 2017-2021 State Program for the Development of Intellectual Property in the Kyrgyz Republic, http://new2.patent.kg/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%A0-2022-2024.pdf (25.12.2022)
  • Laužikas, M., Tindale, H., Bilota, A., & Bielousovaitė, D. (2015). Contributions of sustainable start-up ecosystem to dynamics of start-up companies: the case of Lithuania. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 3, 8-24.
  • Leavitt, H.J. (2007). Big organizations are unhealthy environments for human beings. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 6(2), 253-263.
  • Malecki, E. J. (2018). Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial ecosystems. Geography Compass, 12(3), e12359.
  • Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: A sourcebook. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
  • Moore, J. F. (1993). Predators and prey: a new ecology of competition. Harvard Business Review, 71(3), 75-86.
  • Roundy, P.T. (2021). Leadership in startup communities: how incubator leaders develop a regional entrepreneurial ecosystem, Journal of Management Development, 40(3), 190-208. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-10-2020-0320
  • Salamzadeh, A., & Kawamorita Kesim, H. (2017). The enterprising communities and startup ecosystem in Iran. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 11(4), 456-479.
  • Singh, S., Chauhan, A., & Dhir, S. (2020). Analyzing the startup ecosystem of India: A Twitter analytics perspective. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 17(2), 262-281.
  • Spigel, B. (2017). The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(1), 49-72.
  • Stam, E. (2014). The Dutch entrepreneurial ecosystem. Available at SSRN 2473475 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2473475
  • Stam, E. (2015). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional policy: a sympathetic critique. European Planning Studies, 23(9), 1759-1769.
  • Stam, E., & Van de Ven, A. (2021). Entrepreneurial ecosystem elements. Small Business Economics, 56, 809-832 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00270-6
  • Startup Central Eurasia, information Kyrgyzstan, www.startupcentraleurasia.com (30.12.2022)
  • The World Bank in the Kyrgyz Republic, https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kyrgyzrepublic/overview (28.12.2022)
  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Kyrgyzstan is Improving the Business Environment and Private Entrepreneurship,https://www.undp.org/kyrgyzstan/press-releases/kyrgyzstan-improving- business-environment -and -private-entrepreneurship (25.12.2022)
  • Van Rijnsoever, F. J. (2022). Intermediaries for the greater good: How entrepreneurial support organizations can embed constrained sustainable development startups in entrepreneurial ecosystems. Research Policy, 51(2), 104438.
  • WEF - World Economic Forum (2013). Entrepreneurial Ecosystems Around the Globe and Company Growth Dynamics https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_EntrepreneurialEcosystems_Report_2013.pdf (20.12.2022)
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştirma yöntemleri (10th Edition). Ankara: Seçkin Publising.
  • Ziakis, C., Vlachopoulou, M., & Petridis, K. (2022). Start-up ecosystem (StUpEco): A conceptual framework and empirical research. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(1), 35.

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 580 - 599, 27.04.2023

Murat Avcı Kadir Ardıç

https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1246571

Öz

Proje Numarası

-

Kaynakça

  • "Dorozhnaq Karta" po realizacii Koncepcii cifrovoy transformacii "Cifrovoy Kjrgjzstan 2019-2023" Retrieved from https://www.gov.kg/ru/programs/12 (22.12.2022)
  • Audretsch, D. B., & Belitski, M. (2017). Entrepreneurial ecosystems in cities: establishing the framework conditions. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 42, 1030-1051.
  • Balawi, A. & Ayoub, A. (2022). Assessing the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Sweden: a comparative study with Finland and Norway using Global Entrepreneurship Index. Journal of Business and Socio-economic Development, 2(2), 165-180. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBSED-12-2021-0165
  • Baron, T., & Harima, A. (2019). The role of diaspora entrepreneurs in start-up ecosystem development-a Berlin case study. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 36(1-2), 74-102.
  • Cheah, S., Ho, Y. P., & Lim, P. (2016). Role of public science in fostering the innovation and startup ecosystem in Singapore. Asian Research Policy, 7(1), 78-93.
  • Chien, C. (2014). Startups and patent trolls. Stanford Technology Law Review, 17, 461-461.
  • Feld, B. (2012). Startup communities: building an entrepreneurial ecosystem in your city. Hoboken, New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Fraiberg, S. (2017). Start-up nation: Studying transnational entrepreneurial practices in Israel’s start-up ecosystem. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 31(3), 350-388.
  • Geibel, R. C., & Manickam, M. (2016). Comparison of selected startup ecosystems in Germany and in the USA Explorative analysis of the startup environments. Journal on Business Review (GBR), 4(3), 66-71.
  • Glesne, C. (2015). Nitel araştırmaya giriş. (5th Edition). Ankara: Anı Publishing.
  • Global Map of Startup Ecosystem Index-2022, www.startupblink.com
  • Hall, R.E. and Woodward, S.E. (2008), The Burden of the Non-Diversifiable Risk of Entrepreneurship (No. w14219), National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Hernández, C., & González, D. (2016). Study of the start-up ecosystem in Lima, Peru: Collective case study. Latin American Business Review, 17(2), 115-137.
  • Hernández, C., & González, D. (2017). Study of the start-up ecosystem in Lima, Peru: Analysis of interorganizational networks. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 12(1), 71-83.
  • High Technology Park of the Kyrgyz Republic, www.htp.kg (28.12.2022)
  • Increasing exports and digital entrepreneurship in Kyrgyzstan, https://etradeforall.org/news/increasing- exports-and-digital-entrepreneurship-in-kyrgyzstan/ (27.12.2022)
  • Intellectual property and innovation program, http://new2.patent.kg/wp-content/uploads/2022/11
  • Isenberg, D. (2014). What an entrepreneurship ecosystem actually is. Harvard Business Review, 5(1), 7.
  • Jain, S. (2016). Growth of startup ecosystems in India. International Journal of Applied Research, 2(12), 152-154.
  • Jáki, E., Molnár, E. M., & Kádár, B. (2019). Characteristics and challenges of the Hungarian startup ecosystem. Vezetéstudomány-Budapest Management Review, 50(5), 2-12.
  • Kon, F., Hazzan, O., Yuklea, H., Cukier, D., & Melo, C. D. O. (2015). A conceptual framework for software startup ecosystems: the case of Israel. Technical Report RT-MAC-2015-01.
  • Korreck, S. (2019). The Indian startup ecosystem: Drivers, challenges and pillars of support. ORF Occasional Paper, 210.
  • Kozak, M. (2015). Bilimsel araştırma: tasarım, yazım ve yayım teknikleri. Ankara: Detay Publishing.
  • KyrgyzPatent, 2017-2021 State Program for the Development of Intellectual Property in the Kyrgyz Republic, http://new2.patent.kg/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%A0-2022-2024.pdf (25.12.2022)
  • Laužikas, M., Tindale, H., Bilota, A., & Bielousovaitė, D. (2015). Contributions of sustainable start-up ecosystem to dynamics of start-up companies: the case of Lithuania. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 3, 8-24.
  • Leavitt, H.J. (2007). Big organizations are unhealthy environments for human beings. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 6(2), 253-263.
  • Malecki, E. J. (2018). Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial ecosystems. Geography Compass, 12(3), e12359.
  • Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: A sourcebook. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
  • Moore, J. F. (1993). Predators and prey: a new ecology of competition. Harvard Business Review, 71(3), 75-86.
  • Roundy, P.T. (2021). Leadership in startup communities: how incubator leaders develop a regional entrepreneurial ecosystem, Journal of Management Development, 40(3), 190-208. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-10-2020-0320
  • Salamzadeh, A., & Kawamorita Kesim, H. (2017). The enterprising communities and startup ecosystem in Iran. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 11(4), 456-479.
  • Singh, S., Chauhan, A., & Dhir, S. (2020). Analyzing the startup ecosystem of India: A Twitter analytics perspective. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 17(2), 262-281.
  • Spigel, B. (2017). The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(1), 49-72.
  • Stam, E. (2014). The Dutch entrepreneurial ecosystem. Available at SSRN 2473475 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2473475
  • Stam, E. (2015). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional policy: a sympathetic critique. European Planning Studies, 23(9), 1759-1769.
  • Stam, E., & Van de Ven, A. (2021). Entrepreneurial ecosystem elements. Small Business Economics, 56, 809-832 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00270-6
  • Startup Central Eurasia, information Kyrgyzstan, www.startupcentraleurasia.com (30.12.2022)
  • The World Bank in the Kyrgyz Republic, https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kyrgyzrepublic/overview (28.12.2022)
  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Kyrgyzstan is Improving the Business Environment and Private Entrepreneurship,https://www.undp.org/kyrgyzstan/press-releases/kyrgyzstan-improving- business-environment -and -private-entrepreneurship (25.12.2022)
  • Van Rijnsoever, F. J. (2022). Intermediaries for the greater good: How entrepreneurial support organizations can embed constrained sustainable development startups in entrepreneurial ecosystems. Research Policy, 51(2), 104438.
  • WEF - World Economic Forum (2013). Entrepreneurial Ecosystems Around the Globe and Company Growth Dynamics https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_EntrepreneurialEcosystems_Report_2013.pdf (20.12.2022)
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştirma yöntemleri (10th Edition). Ankara: Seçkin Publising.
  • Ziakis, C., Vlachopoulou, M., & Petridis, K. (2022). Start-up ecosystem (StUpEco): A conceptual framework and empirical research. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(1), 35.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Murat Avcı 0000-0002-2355-1396

Kadir Ardıç 0000-0001-7851-9564

Proje Numarası -
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Nisan 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Şubat 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Avcı, M., & Ardıç, K. (2023). How Successful is the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Kyrgyzstan?. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 12(2), 580-599. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1246571
AMA Avcı M, Ardıç K. How Successful is the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Kyrgyzstan?. MJSS. Nisan 2023;12(2):580-599. doi:10.33206/mjss.1246571
Chicago Avcı, Murat, ve Kadir Ardıç. “How Successful Is the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Kyrgyzstan?”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 12, sy. 2 (Nisan 2023): 580-99. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1246571.
EndNote Avcı M, Ardıç K (01 Nisan 2023) How Successful is the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Kyrgyzstan?. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 12 2 580–599.
IEEE M. Avcı ve K. Ardıç, “How Successful is the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Kyrgyzstan?”, MJSS, c. 12, sy. 2, ss. 580–599, 2023, doi: 10.33206/mjss.1246571.
ISNAD Avcı, Murat - Ardıç, Kadir. “How Successful Is the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Kyrgyzstan?”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 12/2 (Nisan 2023), 580-599. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1246571.
JAMA Avcı M, Ardıç K. How Successful is the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Kyrgyzstan?. MJSS. 2023;12:580–599.
MLA Avcı, Murat ve Kadir Ardıç. “How Successful Is the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Kyrgyzstan?”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 580-99, doi:10.33206/mjss.1246571.
Vancouver Avcı M, Ardıç K. How Successful is the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Kyrgyzstan?. MJSS. 2023;12(2):580-99.
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MANAS Journal of Social Studies (MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi)     


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