Tekerlekli Sandalye Sporcularında İzokinetik Kas Kuvveti İle Atış Keskinliği Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Öz
Bu araştırmada, tekerlekli sandalye basketbolcularının üst ekstremite izokinetik kas kuvveti (dirsek ve el bileği fleksörleri/ekstansörleri) ile serbest atış keskinliği arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmaya dahil edilen 7 tekerlekli sandalye basketbolcusunun yaş ortalamaları 25.20±1.78 yıl, vücut ağırlığı ortalamaları 66.40±15.46 kg ve engel sınıflandırma puan ortalamaları ise 2.70±0.90’dır. Katılımcıların dirsek ve el bileği fleksör/ekstansör kaslarının kuvveti konsantrik-konsantrik olarak ölçüldü. Kuvvet ölçümlerinde IsoMed 2000® izokinetik kuvvet cihazı kullanılmıştır. Atış keskinliği performansı ise 20 serbest atış sonucunda elde edilen puanın 20’ye bölünmesi ile elde edilmiştir. Katılımcılardan elde edilen tanımlayıcı özellikler ortalama ve standart sapma olarak gösterilmiştir. Kuvvet ve atış keskinliği performansı arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak için Bivariate Korelasyon testi yapılmıştır. Bilateral ve unilateral karşılaştırmalar için veriler yüzdelik olarak hesaplanmış ve gösterilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin analizinde anlamlılık düzeyi 0.05 olarak alınmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarında dirsek eklemi fleksör ve ekstansörleri ile atış keskinliği arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunnamamıştır (p>0,05). El bileği ekleminde sol ekstremite fleksör ve ekstansörleri ile atış keskinliği arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0,05). El bileği eklemi fleksör ve ekstansörleri bilateral olarak karşılaştırıldığında fark yüksek çıkarken (%58.44/54.96), dirsek ekleminde bilateral farklılığın normal sınırlar içerisinde olduğu belirlenmiştir (%10.24/13.31). El bileği ve dirsek eklemlerinin fleksör ve ekstansörleri unilateral olarak değerlendirildiğinde ise her iki ekleminde normal sınırlar içerisinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak dirsek ekleminde el bileği eklemine göre daha düşük oran olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular neticesinde, el bileği ekleminde belirlenen bilateral farklılığın atış keskinliğine etki edebileceği söylenilebilir. Katılımcıların unilateral değerlerinin normal olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
Atatürk Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Ofisi
Proje Numarası
TAB-2022-10278
Teşekkür
Araştırmanın gerçekleştirmesinde katkı sağlayan Atatürk Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Ofisi, Spor Bilimleri Uygulama Araştırma Merkezi yetkililerine teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.
Kaynakça
- Akınoğlu, B., & Kocahan, T. (2017). Characteristics of upper extremity’s muscle strength in Turkish national wheelchair basketball players team. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 13(1), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1732868.434
- Akınoğlu, B., Kocahan, T., Yıldırım, N. Ü., Soylu, Ç., Apur, U., & Hasanoğlu, A. (2017). A comparison of wrist isokinetic muscle strength in wheelchair table tennis and wheelchair basketball players. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 5. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967117S000.
- Bates, L., Kearns, R., Witten, K., & Carroll, P. (2019). ‘A level playing field’: Young people's experiences of wheelchair basketball as an enabling place. Health & Place, 60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102192.
- da Silva Santos, S., Krishnan, C., Alonso, A. C., & Greve, J. M. D. A. (2017). Trunk function correlates positively with wheelchair basketball player classification. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 96(2), 101-108.
- Danneskiold-Samsøe, B., Bartels, EM., Bülow, PM., Lund, H., Stockmarr, A., Holm, CC., Wätjen, I., Appleyard, M., & Bliddal, H. (2009). Isokinetic and isometric muscle strength in a healthy population with special reference to age and gender. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 197, 1–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2009.02022.x.
- Eltz, G. D., Moraes, E.F, Stocchero, C. M. A., Rocha, C.S., & Matos, M.G. (2015). Differences of free-throw shot in wheelchair basketball and conventional players. Acta Fisiátrica, 22(3), 145-149.
- Goosey-Tolfrey, V., Butterworth, D., & Morriss, C. (2002). Free Throw Shooting Technique of Male Wheelchair Basketball Players. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 19, 238-10.
- Hanks, M., & Oliver G (2018). Muscle Activation Patterns in Wheelchair Basketball Athletes with and without Physical Disability. Int J Physiatry 4:013. doi.org/10.23937/2572-4215.1510013.
- IWBF (2021). https://iwbf.org/rules-of-wheelchair-basketball. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2023.
- Kafa, N. (2020). Yaz oyunlarında sınıflandırma. N. Atalay-Güzel ve N. Kafa (Ed), Engellilerde Spor ve Sınıflandırma. Ankara: Hipokrat Yayınevi.
- Kozar, B., Whıtfıeld, K.E., Lord, R. H., & Dye, B. (1994). Importance of Free-Throws at Varıous Stages of Basketball Games. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 78, 243-248.
- Külünkoğlu, B., Akkubak, Y., & Ergun, N. (2018). The profile of upper extremity muscular strength in female wheelchair basketball players: a pilot study. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 58(5), 606-11.
- Malone, L.A., Gervais, P.L., & Steadward, R.D. (2002). Shooting mechanics related to player classification and free throw success in wheelchair basketball. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 39 (6), 701–710.
- Nunome, H., Doyo, W., Sakurai, S., Ikegmai, Y., & Yabe, K. (2002). A kinematic study of the upper-limb motion of wheelchair basketball shooting in tetraplegic adults. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 39(1), 63–71.
- Okubo, H., & Hubbart, M. (2015). Kinematics of Arm Joint Motions in Basketball Shooting. 7th. Asia Pacific Congress on Sports Technology. (s.443 – 448). Elsevier & Sciencedirect.
- Oudejans, R. R. D., Heubers, S., Ruitenbeek, J. A. C., & Janssen, T. W. J. (2012). Training Visual Control in Wheelchair Basketball Shooting. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 83(3), 1-6.
- Pousson, M., Lepers, R., & Hoecke, J.V. (2001). Changes in isokinetic torque and muscular activity of elbow flexors muscles with age. Experimental Gerontology, 36, 1687-1698.
- Ratko, S., Cvetko, S., & Katarina, H. (2006). Biomechanical analysis of free shooting technique in basketball in relation to precision and position of the players. In ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive.
- Satern, M.N. (1993). 11 International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports. Kinematic parameters of basketball jump shots projected from varying distances. ISSN 1999-4168, (s. 313- 317).
- Shigematsu, S., Ogawa, M., Neya, M., Fujıwara, M., & Nakata, H. (2021). The relationship between free-throw accuracy and performance variables in male wheelchair basketball players. Journal of Human Sport & Exercıse.1-12.
- Soylu, Ç. (2017). Tekerlekli Sandalye Basketbol Sporcularında Üst Esktremite Kas Kuvveti, Anaerobik Kapasite, Aerobik Kapasite ile Sportif Performans Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Ankara: Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi.
- Söderman, K., Alfredson, H., Pietilä, T., & Werner, S. (2001). Risk factors for leg injuries in female soccer players: a prospective investigation during one out-door season. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 9(5), 313-321.
- Şentuna, M. (2006). Tekerlekli Sandalye Basketbolu. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi.
- Tang W. T., & Shung H.M. (2005). Relationship between isokinetic strength and shooting accuracy at different shooting ranges in Taiwanese elite high school basketball players. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 13, 169–174.
- Villacieros, J., Pérez-Tejero, J., Garrido, G., Grams, L., López-Illescas, Á., & Ferro, A. (2020). Relationship between sprint velocity and peak moment at shoulder and elbow in elite wheelchair basketball players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 6989.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Isokinetic Muscle Strength and Shooting Acuity in Wheelchair Athletes
Öz
In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between upper extremity isokinetic muscle strength (elbow and wrist flexors/extensors) and free throw acuity of wheelchair basketball players. The mean age of the 7 wheelchair basketball players included in the study is 25.20±1.78 years, their body weight average is 66.40±15.46 kg, and their disability classification mean score is 2.70±0.90. The strength of the elbow and wrist flexor/extensor muscles of the participants was measured as concentric-concentric. IsoMed 2000® isokinetic force device was used for force measurements. Shooting acuity performance was obtained by dividing the score obtained as a result of 20 free throws by 20. Descriptive characteristics obtained from participants are shown as mean and standard deviation. Bivariate Correlation test was performed to reveal the relationship between strength and free throw accuracy performance. Data for bilateral and unilateral comparisons are calculated and shown as percentages. In the analysis of the data obtained from the research, the level of significance was taken as 0.05. In the analysis results, no significant relationship was found between elbow joint flexors and extensors and free throw acuity (p>0.05).A significant correlation was found between left extremity flexors and extensors and shooting acuity in the wrist joint (p<0.05). When the wrist joint flexors and extensors were compared bilaterally, the difference was high (58.44/54.96%), while the bilateral difference in the elbow joint was within normal limits (10.24/13.31%). When the flexors and extensors of the wrist and elbow joints were evaluated as unilateral, it was determined that both joints were within normal limits. However, it was determined that the elbow joint had a lower rate than the wrist joint. As a result of the findings obtained from the research, it can be said that the bilateral difference determined in the wrist joint may affect the shooting acuity. It was concluded that the unilateral values of the participants were normal.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Proje Numarası
TAB-2022-10278
Kaynakça
- Akınoğlu, B., & Kocahan, T. (2017). Characteristics of upper extremity’s muscle strength in Turkish national wheelchair basketball players team. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 13(1), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1732868.434
- Akınoğlu, B., Kocahan, T., Yıldırım, N. Ü., Soylu, Ç., Apur, U., & Hasanoğlu, A. (2017). A comparison of wrist isokinetic muscle strength in wheelchair table tennis and wheelchair basketball players. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 5. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967117S000.
- Bates, L., Kearns, R., Witten, K., & Carroll, P. (2019). ‘A level playing field’: Young people's experiences of wheelchair basketball as an enabling place. Health & Place, 60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102192.
- da Silva Santos, S., Krishnan, C., Alonso, A. C., & Greve, J. M. D. A. (2017). Trunk function correlates positively with wheelchair basketball player classification. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 96(2), 101-108.
- Danneskiold-Samsøe, B., Bartels, EM., Bülow, PM., Lund, H., Stockmarr, A., Holm, CC., Wätjen, I., Appleyard, M., & Bliddal, H. (2009). Isokinetic and isometric muscle strength in a healthy population with special reference to age and gender. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 197, 1–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2009.02022.x.
- Eltz, G. D., Moraes, E.F, Stocchero, C. M. A., Rocha, C.S., & Matos, M.G. (2015). Differences of free-throw shot in wheelchair basketball and conventional players. Acta Fisiátrica, 22(3), 145-149.
- Goosey-Tolfrey, V., Butterworth, D., & Morriss, C. (2002). Free Throw Shooting Technique of Male Wheelchair Basketball Players. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 19, 238-10.
- Hanks, M., & Oliver G (2018). Muscle Activation Patterns in Wheelchair Basketball Athletes with and without Physical Disability. Int J Physiatry 4:013. doi.org/10.23937/2572-4215.1510013.
- IWBF (2021). https://iwbf.org/rules-of-wheelchair-basketball. Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2023.
- Kafa, N. (2020). Yaz oyunlarında sınıflandırma. N. Atalay-Güzel ve N. Kafa (Ed), Engellilerde Spor ve Sınıflandırma. Ankara: Hipokrat Yayınevi.
- Kozar, B., Whıtfıeld, K.E., Lord, R. H., & Dye, B. (1994). Importance of Free-Throws at Varıous Stages of Basketball Games. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 78, 243-248.
- Külünkoğlu, B., Akkubak, Y., & Ergun, N. (2018). The profile of upper extremity muscular strength in female wheelchair basketball players: a pilot study. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 58(5), 606-11.
- Malone, L.A., Gervais, P.L., & Steadward, R.D. (2002). Shooting mechanics related to player classification and free throw success in wheelchair basketball. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 39 (6), 701–710.
- Nunome, H., Doyo, W., Sakurai, S., Ikegmai, Y., & Yabe, K. (2002). A kinematic study of the upper-limb motion of wheelchair basketball shooting in tetraplegic adults. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 39(1), 63–71.
- Okubo, H., & Hubbart, M. (2015). Kinematics of Arm Joint Motions in Basketball Shooting. 7th. Asia Pacific Congress on Sports Technology. (s.443 – 448). Elsevier & Sciencedirect.
- Oudejans, R. R. D., Heubers, S., Ruitenbeek, J. A. C., & Janssen, T. W. J. (2012). Training Visual Control in Wheelchair Basketball Shooting. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 83(3), 1-6.
- Pousson, M., Lepers, R., & Hoecke, J.V. (2001). Changes in isokinetic torque and muscular activity of elbow flexors muscles with age. Experimental Gerontology, 36, 1687-1698.
- Ratko, S., Cvetko, S., & Katarina, H. (2006). Biomechanical analysis of free shooting technique in basketball in relation to precision and position of the players. In ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive.
- Satern, M.N. (1993). 11 International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports. Kinematic parameters of basketball jump shots projected from varying distances. ISSN 1999-4168, (s. 313- 317).
- Shigematsu, S., Ogawa, M., Neya, M., Fujıwara, M., & Nakata, H. (2021). The relationship between free-throw accuracy and performance variables in male wheelchair basketball players. Journal of Human Sport & Exercıse.1-12.
- Soylu, Ç. (2017). Tekerlekli Sandalye Basketbol Sporcularında Üst Esktremite Kas Kuvveti, Anaerobik Kapasite, Aerobik Kapasite ile Sportif Performans Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Ankara: Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi.
- Söderman, K., Alfredson, H., Pietilä, T., & Werner, S. (2001). Risk factors for leg injuries in female soccer players: a prospective investigation during one out-door season. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 9(5), 313-321.
- Şentuna, M. (2006). Tekerlekli Sandalye Basketbolu. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi.
- Tang W. T., & Shung H.M. (2005). Relationship between isokinetic strength and shooting accuracy at different shooting ranges in Taiwanese elite high school basketball players. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 13, 169–174.
- Villacieros, J., Pérez-Tejero, J., Garrido, G., Grams, L., López-Illescas, Á., & Ferro, A. (2020). Relationship between sprint velocity and peak moment at shoulder and elbow in elite wheelchair basketball players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 6989.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Spor Hekimliği |
| Bölüm | Makale |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | TAB-2022-10278 |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 25 Haziran 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Haziran 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 8 Şubat 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1 |
