Öz
Since the
Frankfurt School, essential points of cultural studies have changed rapidly up
to zeitgeist. While cinema and radio were primary concerns of those studies for
their early stages, television and internet have replaced them in our
postmodern world. However, academic researches for cultural effects of internet
are still fresh; television has been subjected even to criminology after
Birmingham School. This study examines relation between television and ideology
in respect of their effects for fictional characters of Martin Amis’s Night Train (1997) and Nick Hornby’s About a Boy (1998). When Amis’s Mark and
Jennifer realizes author’s dystopic world, they evaluate suicide as a foremost
option. On the other hand, Hornby’s cosmos is clearly more open to utopian
dreams but there is still suicide in his world. Within consumer society and
popular culture all the characters of the novels live, society is more prone to
suicide and crimes for Strain theories. As consumerism and culture ideology’s
most crucial ‘apparatus’, television triggers various negative attitudes
leading to eventual peak, suicide, just like the study shows in lives of the
novels’ characters.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Agnew, Robert. ‘Foundation for a General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency’. Criminology 30.1 (1992): 47–88.
- Althusser, Louis. On the Reproduction of Capitalism: Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses. New York: Verso, 2014.
- Amis, Martin. Night Train. New York: Vintage, 1999.
- ‘An Interview with Nick Hornby’. Barcelona Review. May-June 2002. Web. 27 Apr. 2017.
- ‘Author Martin Amis on Leaving England and Finding America’. Maclean’s. 6 Sept. 2012. Web. 2 Mar. 2017.
- Baudrillard, Jean. Selected Writings. (M. Poster, Ed.) Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.
- De Saussure, F. Course in General Linguistics. (P. Meisel & H. Saussy, Eds., W. Baskin, Trans.). New York: Columbia University Press, 2011.
- Elder, Sean. ‘About a Girl’. Newsweek Global 164.9 (2015): 50.
- Gunes, Ali. ‘From Mother-Care to Father-Care: The Split-Up of The Traditional Heterosexual Family Relationship and Destruction of Patriarchal Man’s Image and Identity in Nick Hornby’s About A Boy’. SKASE Journal of Literary Studies 3.1 (2011): 59-75.
- Hall, Stuart. Culture, Media, Language Working Papers in Cultural Studies, 1972-79. Birmingham: Routledge, 2006.
- Hornby, Nick. About a Boy. London: Penguin, 2002.
- Kellner, Douglas. ‘Critical Perspectives on Television from the Frankfurt School to Postmodernism’. A companion to television 28 (2008): 29.
- ---. ‘The Frankfurt School and British Cultural Studies: The Missed Articulation’. Rethinking the Frankfurt School: Alternative legacies of cultural critique (2002): 31–58.
- Keulks, Gavin, ed. Martin Amis: Postmodernism and Beyond. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK: 2006.
- Lacan, Jacques. Ecrits: The First Complete Edition in English. New York: W.W. Norton & Co, 2006.
- Lowenthal, L. Literature and Mass Culture. New York&London: Transaction Books, 1984.
- Lyotard, J.-F. The postmodern condition: A report on knowledge. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984.
- ---. Lyotard: Politics and History of Philisophy. (V. E. Taylor & G. Lambert, Eds.). New York&London: Routledge, (2006).
- Marcuse, Herbert. Eros and Civilization: Philosopical Inquiry Into Freud. Beacon Pr, 1966.
- McHale, Brian. Postmodernist Fiction. London; New York: Routledge : Taylor and Francis, 2004.
- Merton, Robert King. Social Theory and Social Structure. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1968.
- Muir, K. (2003). Amis Needs a Drink [The London Times]. Retrieved from http://www.martinamisweb.com/pre_2006/amis/ydltinterview.htm
- ‘Oxford Dictionaries’. Oxford Dictionaries. 26 Apr. 2017. Web. 26 Apr. 2017.
- Rosenberg, B., & White, D. M. (Eds.). Mass Culture. United States: The Free Press of Glencoe, 1963.
- Tani, Stefano. The Doomed Detective: The Contribution of the Detective Novel to Postmodern American & Italian Fiction. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1984.
- Thomas, Simon. ‘Conversation between Nick Hornby and Simon Thomas’. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice 77 (2004): 167–179.
- Turner, Graeme. British Cultural Studies: An Introduction. London; New York: Routledge, 2003.
- Van Orden, Kimberly A. et al. ‘The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide.’ Psychological Review 117.2 (2010): 575–600. CrossRef. Web.
- Wallace, David Forster. ‘Television and US Fiction’. Abacus 13.2 (1998): 21–82.
- Zhang, Jie, David Lester, and Jiandan Tan. ‘Psychological Strains Found in the Suicides of 72 Celebrities’. Journal of Affective Disorders 149.1-3 (2013): 230–234. Web.
Öz
Frankfurt Okulun’dan bu yana kültürel çalışmaların ana unsurları zamanın
ruhuna göre hızla değişmiştir. Erken dönemde sinema ve radio bu çalışmaların
temelindeyken, post-modern dünyada televizyon ve internet bunların yerini
almıştır. İnternetin kültürel etkileri üzerine akademik çalışmalar hala çok
taze olsa da; Birmingham Okulun’dan sonra televizyon kriminolojiye bile konu
olmuştur. Bu çalışma, televizyon ve ideoloji arasındaki ilişkiyi Martin Amis’
in Gece Yarısı Treni (1997) ve Nick
Hornby’nin Bir Erkek Hakkında (1998) kitaplarındaki karakterlere etkisi bağlamında
incelemeyi amaçlar. Mark ve Jennifer Amis’in distopik dünyasının farkına
vardıklarında, intiharı öncelikli bir seçenek olarak değerlendirmeye başlarlar.
Hornby’nin dünyası ise ütopik rüyalara çok daha açıktır fakat yine de bu
dünyada intihar da vardır. Gerilim teorisine göre, romanların tüm
karakterlerinin içinde yaşadığı tüketim toplumunda ve popüler kültürde, toplum
intihara ve suça daha çok meyillidir. Tüketim ve kültür ideolojisinin en hayati
aparatı olan televizyon bu çalışmanın karakterlerin hayatlarında gösterdiği
gibi toplumu nihai noktası intihar olan bir çok olumsuz davranışlara iter.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Agnew, Robert. ‘Foundation for a General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency’. Criminology 30.1 (1992): 47–88.
- Althusser, Louis. On the Reproduction of Capitalism: Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses. New York: Verso, 2014.
- Amis, Martin. Night Train. New York: Vintage, 1999.
- ‘An Interview with Nick Hornby’. Barcelona Review. May-June 2002. Web. 27 Apr. 2017.
- ‘Author Martin Amis on Leaving England and Finding America’. Maclean’s. 6 Sept. 2012. Web. 2 Mar. 2017.
- Baudrillard, Jean. Selected Writings. (M. Poster, Ed.) Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.
- De Saussure, F. Course in General Linguistics. (P. Meisel & H. Saussy, Eds., W. Baskin, Trans.). New York: Columbia University Press, 2011.
- Elder, Sean. ‘About a Girl’. Newsweek Global 164.9 (2015): 50.
- Gunes, Ali. ‘From Mother-Care to Father-Care: The Split-Up of The Traditional Heterosexual Family Relationship and Destruction of Patriarchal Man’s Image and Identity in Nick Hornby’s About A Boy’. SKASE Journal of Literary Studies 3.1 (2011): 59-75.
- Hall, Stuart. Culture, Media, Language Working Papers in Cultural Studies, 1972-79. Birmingham: Routledge, 2006.
- Hornby, Nick. About a Boy. London: Penguin, 2002.
- Kellner, Douglas. ‘Critical Perspectives on Television from the Frankfurt School to Postmodernism’. A companion to television 28 (2008): 29.
- ---. ‘The Frankfurt School and British Cultural Studies: The Missed Articulation’. Rethinking the Frankfurt School: Alternative legacies of cultural critique (2002): 31–58.
- Keulks, Gavin, ed. Martin Amis: Postmodernism and Beyond. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK: 2006.
- Lacan, Jacques. Ecrits: The First Complete Edition in English. New York: W.W. Norton & Co, 2006.
- Lowenthal, L. Literature and Mass Culture. New York&London: Transaction Books, 1984.
- Lyotard, J.-F. The postmodern condition: A report on knowledge. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984.
- ---. Lyotard: Politics and History of Philisophy. (V. E. Taylor & G. Lambert, Eds.). New York&London: Routledge, (2006).
- Marcuse, Herbert. Eros and Civilization: Philosopical Inquiry Into Freud. Beacon Pr, 1966.
- McHale, Brian. Postmodernist Fiction. London; New York: Routledge : Taylor and Francis, 2004.
- Merton, Robert King. Social Theory and Social Structure. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1968.
- Muir, K. (2003). Amis Needs a Drink [The London Times]. Retrieved from http://www.martinamisweb.com/pre_2006/amis/ydltinterview.htm
- ‘Oxford Dictionaries’. Oxford Dictionaries. 26 Apr. 2017. Web. 26 Apr. 2017.
- Rosenberg, B., & White, D. M. (Eds.). Mass Culture. United States: The Free Press of Glencoe, 1963.
- Tani, Stefano. The Doomed Detective: The Contribution of the Detective Novel to Postmodern American & Italian Fiction. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1984.
- Thomas, Simon. ‘Conversation between Nick Hornby and Simon Thomas’. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice 77 (2004): 167–179.
- Turner, Graeme. British Cultural Studies: An Introduction. London; New York: Routledge, 2003.
- Van Orden, Kimberly A. et al. ‘The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide.’ Psychological Review 117.2 (2010): 575–600. CrossRef. Web.
- Wallace, David Forster. ‘Television and US Fiction’. Abacus 13.2 (1998): 21–82.
- Zhang, Jie, David Lester, and Jiandan Tan. ‘Psychological Strains Found in the Suicides of 72 Celebrities’. Journal of Affective Disorders 149.1-3 (2013): 230–234. Web.
Ayrıntılar
| Bölüm | Articles |
|---|---|
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 26 Aralık 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2 |
Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.