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Otobiyografik Bellek ve Otobiyografik Belleği Etkileyen Değişkenler / Autobiographical Memory and Variables Affecting Autobiographical Memory

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 19 - 33, 10.01.2012

Filiz Sayar , Filiz Sayar

Öz

Bu makalede kişisel anılara ilişkin bellek olarak tanımlanan otobiyografik bellek ile ilgili olarak son yıllarda yapılmış olan araştırmalar ve bunlara konu olan değişkenler incelenerek, okuyucuya aktarılmıştır. Yaş, otobiyografik bellek çalışmalarında önemli bir değişkendir. Otobiyografik anıların geri getirilmesinin yaşa göre dağılımını ele alan araştırmalar sonucunda bellek tümseği, çocukluk amnezisi ile sonralık etkisi görülmektedir. Literatürde anıların duygusal yükünün (olumlu-olumsuz) kişisel anıların hatırlanmasındaki etkisi ile ilgili çelişkili sonuçlar bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede ele alınan bazı araştırma sonuçları olumsuz duygusal yükün hatırlamayı arttırdığını ileri sürerken bazı araştırmalar ise, olumlu duygusal yükün hatırlama performansını arttırdığını öne sürmektedir. Bunun yanında, anıların test edilme süresi ile ilgili yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda ise son yaşanılan olayların daha fazla hatırlandığı yönünde bulgular elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Otobiyografik Bellek Yaş Duygusal Yük Test Edilme Zamanı

Kaynakça

  • Baddeley, A.D. (2000). "The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory?". Trends in Cognitive Science, 4 (11), 417–423.
  • Berntsen, D. ve Rubin, D.C. (2002). Emotionally Charged Autobiographical Memories Across the Life Span: The Recall of Happy, Sad, Traumatic, and Involuntary Memories. Psychology and Aging, 17(4), 636-652.
  • Brewer, W.F. (1986). What is Autobiographical Memory. In Rubin, D. (Eds). Autobiographical Memory (25-49). Cambrigde: Cambridge University Press.
  • Brewer, W. F. ve Pani, J. R. (1983). The structure of human memory.In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 17, pp. 1-38). New York: Academic Press.
  • Buchanan, T.W. (2007).Retrieval of emotional memories. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 761-779.
  • Carstensen, L.L.(2008). Unpleasant situations elicit different emotional responses in younger and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 23(3), 495-504.
  • Carstensen, L.L. and Charles, S.T. ( 1994).The salience of emotion across the adult life span. Psychology and Aging, 9(2), 259-264.
  • Charles, S.T., Mather, M., ve Carstensen, L.L. (2003). Aging and emotional memory: The forgettable nature of negative images for older adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 132, 310-324.
  • Carstensen, L. L. ve Mikels, J. (2005). At the intersection of emotion and cognition: Aging and the positivity effect. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 117–121.
  • Comblain C., D'Argembeau A. ve Linden, M.V. (2005). Phenomenal characteristics of autobiographical memories for emotional and neutral events in older and younger adults. Experimental Aging Research, 31(2), 173-89.
  • Conway, M.A. (2005). Memory and the self. Journal of Memory and Language, 53, 594-628.
  • Conway, M.A. (2009). Episodic memories. Neuropsychologia, 47, 2305-2313.
  • Conway, M.A. (2001).Sensory-perceptual episodic memory and its context: autobiographical memory. Phil. Trans. Royal Society Land. B., 356, 1375-1384.
  • Conway, M.A. (1990). Autobiographical Memory: An Itroduction. Maidenhead, BRK, England: Open University Press.
  • Conway, M. A. ve Holmes, E. A. (2005). Autobiographical Memory and The Working Self. In N. R. Braisby & A. R. H. Gellatly (Eds.), Cognitive Psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 507 - 538.
  • Conway ve Pleydell-Pearce (2000). The Construction of Autobiographical Memories in the Self- memory Systems. Psychological Review, 107(2), 261-288.
  • Crovitz H.F. ve Schiffman, H. (1974). Frequency of episodic memories as a function of their age. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 4, 517–518.
  • Friedman, W.J. (1993). Memory for the time of past events. Psychological Bulletin, 113(1), 44-66.
  • Friedman, W.J. ve deWinstanley, P.A. (1998). Changes in the subjective properties of autobiographical memories with the passage of time. Memory, 6(4), 367-381.
  • Fivush, R. ve Haden, C. A. (2003). Autobiographical Memory and The Construction of a Narrative Self: Developmental and Cultural Perspectives. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Fivush, R., Haden, C. A. ve Reese, E.(1996). Remembering, Recounting: The Development of Aautobiographical Memory in Social Context. In D.C. Rubin (Ed). Remembering our past: studies in autobiographical memory. (pp. 34-359), Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gross, J.J., Carstensen, L.L., Tsai, J., Skorpen, C.G. ve Hsu, A.Y.C. (1997). Emotion and aging: Experience, expression and control. Psychology and Aging, 12(4), 590-599.
  • Güzel, M.A. (2007). Encoding processess related to Specific and Overgeneral Recall of the Autobiographical Memories in Non-clinical Depression. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, O.D.T.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Hamann, S. (2001). Cognitive and neural mechanisms of emotional memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5, 394-400.
  • Isen, A.M. (1985). The asymmetry of happiness and sadness in effects on memory in normal college students. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 114(3), 388-391.
  • Kensinger, E.A. (2007). Negative emotion enhances memory accuracy: Behavioral and neuroimaging evidence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 213- 218.
  • Kensinger, E.A. ve Corkin, S. (2003). Memory enhancement for emotional words: Are emotional words more vividly remembered than neutral words? Memory and Cognition, 31(8), 1169-1180.
  • Leigland, L.A., Schulz, L.E. ve Janowsky, J.S.(2004). Age related changes in emotional memory. Neurobiology of Aging, 25, 1117-1124.
  • Linton, M. (1986). Ways of Searching and The Contents of Memory. InD. C. Rubin (Ed.), Autobiographical memory (pp. 51-67). New York:Cambridge University Press.
  • Löckenhoff, C.E. ve Carstensen, L.L.( 2004). Socioemotional theory, aging, and health: The increasingly delicate balance between regulating emotions and making togh choices. Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1395-1424. Mackavey, W.R., Autobiographically Psychologist’s Accounts of Their Lives. Psychology and Aging, 6(1), 50-59.
  • Mather, M. ve Carstensen, L.L.(2005). Aging and motivated cognition: The positivity effect in attention and memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 496-502. of
  • Nelson, K.D. ve fivush, R. (2004). The emergence of autobiographical memeory: a social cultural developmental theory. Psychological Review, 111(2), 486-511.
  • Ochsner, K.N. (2000). Are affective events richly recollected or simply familiar? The experience and process of recognizing feelings past. Journal of experimental Psychology: General, 129(2), 242-261.
  • Piolino, P., Desgranges, B., Benali, K. ve Eustache F. (2002). Episodic and Semantic Remote Autobiographical Memory in Ageing. Memory, 10(4), 239-257.
  • Ramponi, C., Handelsman, G. ve Barnard,P.J. (2010). The memory enhancement effect of emotion is absent in conceptual implicit memory. Emotion, 10(2), 294-299.
  • Robinson, J. A. (1986). Autobiographical Memory: A Historical Prologue. In Autobiographical Memory (ed. D.C. Rubin), 19-24. Cambridge University Press.
  • Ros, L. ve Latorre, J.M. (2010). Gender and age differences in the recall of affective autobiographical memories using the autobiographical memory test. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 950-954.
  • Rubin, D.C. ve Schulkind, M.D. (1997). Distribution of Important and Word-cued Autobiographical Memories in 20-, 35-,70-Year-old Adults. Psychology and Aging, 12(3), 524-535.
  • Serrano, J.P., Latorne, J.M. ve Gatz, M. (2007). Autobiographical memory in older adults with and without depressive symptoms. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 7(1), 41-57.
  • Talmi, D. ve Moscovitch, M. (2004). Can semantic relatedness explain the enhancement of memory for emotional words? Memory and Cognition, 32(5), 742-751
  • Thompson, C. P. (1982). Memory for unique personal events: The roommate study. Memory and Cognition, 10, 324-332.
  • Welzer, H. ve Markowitsch, H. J. (2005). Towards a Bio-Psycho-Social Model of Autobiographical Memory’, Memory 13, 63-78.
  • Williams, J. M. G. ve Broadbent, K. (1986). Autobiographical Memory in Suicide Attempters. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95 (2), 144-149.

OTOBİYOGRAFİK BELLEK VE OTOBİYOGRAFİK BELLEĞİ ETKİLEYEN DEĞİŞKENLER

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 19 - 33, 10.01.2012

Filiz Sayar , Filiz Sayar

Öz

Bu makalede kişisel anılara ilişkin bellek olarak tanımlanan otobiyografik bellek ile ilgili olarak son yıllarda yapılmış olan araştırmalar ve bunlara konu olan değişkenler incelenerek, okuyucuya aktarılmıştır. Yaş, otobiyografik bellek çalışmalarında önemli bir değişkendir. Otobiyografik anıların geri getirilmesinin yaşa göre dağılımını ele alan araştırmalar sonucunda bellek tümseği, çocukluk amnezisi ile sonralık etkisi görülmektedir. Literatürde anıların duygusal yükünün (olumlu-olumsuz) kişisel anıların hatırlanmasındaki etkisi ile ilgili çelişkili sonuçlar bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede ele alınan bazı araştırma sonuçları olumsuz duygusal yükün hatırlamayı arttırdığını ileri sürerken bazı araştırmalar ise, olumlu duygusal yükün hatırlama performansını arttırdığını öne sürmektedir. Bunun yanında, anıların test edilme süresi ile ilgili yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda ise son yaşanılan olayların daha fazla hatırlandığı yönünde bulgular elde edilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Otobiyografik Bellek Yaş Duygusal Yük Test Edilme Zamanı.

Kaynakça

  • Baddeley, A.D. (2000). "The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory?". Trends in Cognitive Science, 4 (11), 417–423.
  • Berntsen, D. ve Rubin, D.C. (2002). Emotionally Charged Autobiographical Memories Across the Life Span: The Recall of Happy, Sad, Traumatic, and Involuntary Memories. Psychology and Aging, 17(4), 636-652.
  • Brewer, W.F. (1986). What is Autobiographical Memory. In Rubin, D. (Eds). Autobiographical Memory (25-49). Cambrigde: Cambridge University Press.
  • Brewer, W. F. ve Pani, J. R. (1983). The structure of human memory.In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 17, pp. 1-38). New York: Academic Press.
  • Buchanan, T.W. (2007).Retrieval of emotional memories. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 761-779.
  • Carstensen, L.L.(2008). Unpleasant situations elicit different emotional responses in younger and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 23(3), 495-504.
  • Carstensen, L.L. and Charles, S.T. ( 1994).The salience of emotion across the adult life span. Psychology and Aging, 9(2), 259-264.
  • Charles, S.T., Mather, M., ve Carstensen, L.L. (2003). Aging and emotional memory: The forgettable nature of negative images for older adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 132, 310-324.
  • Carstensen, L. L. ve Mikels, J. (2005). At the intersection of emotion and cognition: Aging and the positivity effect. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 117–121.
  • Comblain C., D'Argembeau A. ve Linden, M.V. (2005). Phenomenal characteristics of autobiographical memories for emotional and neutral events in older and younger adults. Experimental Aging Research, 31(2), 173-89.
  • Conway, M.A. (2005). Memory and the self. Journal of Memory and Language, 53, 594-628.
  • Conway, M.A. (2009). Episodic memories. Neuropsychologia, 47, 2305-2313.
  • Conway, M.A. (2001).Sensory-perceptual episodic memory and its context: autobiographical memory. Phil. Trans. Royal Society Land. B., 356, 1375-1384.
  • Conway, M.A. (1990). Autobiographical Memory: An Itroduction. Maidenhead, BRK, England: Open University Press.
  • Conway, M. A. ve Holmes, E. A. (2005). Autobiographical Memory and The Working Self. In N. R. Braisby & A. R. H. Gellatly (Eds.), Cognitive Psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 507 - 538.
  • Conway ve Pleydell-Pearce (2000). The Construction of Autobiographical Memories in the Self- memory Systems. Psychological Review, 107(2), 261-288.
  • Crovitz H.F. ve Schiffman, H. (1974). Frequency of episodic memories as a function of their age. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 4, 517–518.
  • Friedman, W.J. (1993). Memory for the time of past events. Psychological Bulletin, 113(1), 44-66.
  • Friedman, W.J. ve deWinstanley, P.A. (1998). Changes in the subjective properties of autobiographical memories with the passage of time. Memory, 6(4), 367-381.
  • Fivush, R. ve Haden, C. A. (2003). Autobiographical Memory and The Construction of a Narrative Self: Developmental and Cultural Perspectives. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Fivush, R., Haden, C. A. ve Reese, E.(1996). Remembering, Recounting: The Development of Aautobiographical Memory in Social Context. In D.C. Rubin (Ed). Remembering our past: studies in autobiographical memory. (pp. 34-359), Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gross, J.J., Carstensen, L.L., Tsai, J., Skorpen, C.G. ve Hsu, A.Y.C. (1997). Emotion and aging: Experience, expression and control. Psychology and Aging, 12(4), 590-599.
  • Güzel, M.A. (2007). Encoding processess related to Specific and Overgeneral Recall of the Autobiographical Memories in Non-clinical Depression. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, O.D.T.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Hamann, S. (2001). Cognitive and neural mechanisms of emotional memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5, 394-400.
  • Isen, A.M. (1985). The asymmetry of happiness and sadness in effects on memory in normal college students. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 114(3), 388-391.
  • Kensinger, E.A. (2007). Negative emotion enhances memory accuracy: Behavioral and neuroimaging evidence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 213- 218.
  • Kensinger, E.A. ve Corkin, S. (2003). Memory enhancement for emotional words: Are emotional words more vividly remembered than neutral words? Memory and Cognition, 31(8), 1169-1180.
  • Leigland, L.A., Schulz, L.E. ve Janowsky, J.S.(2004). Age related changes in emotional memory. Neurobiology of Aging, 25, 1117-1124.
  • Linton, M. (1986). Ways of Searching and The Contents of Memory. InD. C. Rubin (Ed.), Autobiographical memory (pp. 51-67). New York:Cambridge University Press.
  • Löckenhoff, C.E. ve Carstensen, L.L.( 2004). Socioemotional theory, aging, and health: The increasingly delicate balance between regulating emotions and making togh choices. Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1395-1424. Mackavey, W.R., Autobiographically Psychologist’s Accounts of Their Lives. Psychology and Aging, 6(1), 50-59.
  • Mather, M. ve Carstensen, L.L.(2005). Aging and motivated cognition: The positivity effect in attention and memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 496-502. of
  • Nelson, K.D. ve fivush, R. (2004). The emergence of autobiographical memeory: a social cultural developmental theory. Psychological Review, 111(2), 486-511.
  • Ochsner, K.N. (2000). Are affective events richly recollected or simply familiar? The experience and process of recognizing feelings past. Journal of experimental Psychology: General, 129(2), 242-261.
  • Piolino, P., Desgranges, B., Benali, K. ve Eustache F. (2002). Episodic and Semantic Remote Autobiographical Memory in Ageing. Memory, 10(4), 239-257.
  • Ramponi, C., Handelsman, G. ve Barnard,P.J. (2010). The memory enhancement effect of emotion is absent in conceptual implicit memory. Emotion, 10(2), 294-299.
  • Robinson, J. A. (1986). Autobiographical Memory: A Historical Prologue. In Autobiographical Memory (ed. D.C. Rubin), 19-24. Cambridge University Press.
  • Ros, L. ve Latorre, J.M. (2010). Gender and age differences in the recall of affective autobiographical memories using the autobiographical memory test. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 950-954.
  • Rubin, D.C. ve Schulkind, M.D. (1997). Distribution of Important and Word-cued Autobiographical Memories in 20-, 35-,70-Year-old Adults. Psychology and Aging, 12(3), 524-535.
  • Serrano, J.P., Latorne, J.M. ve Gatz, M. (2007). Autobiographical memory in older adults with and without depressive symptoms. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 7(1), 41-57.
  • Talmi, D. ve Moscovitch, M. (2004). Can semantic relatedness explain the enhancement of memory for emotional words? Memory and Cognition, 32(5), 742-751
  • Thompson, C. P. (1982). Memory for unique personal events: The roommate study. Memory and Cognition, 10, 324-332.
  • Welzer, H. ve Markowitsch, H. J. (2005). Towards a Bio-Psycho-Social Model of Autobiographical Memory’, Memory 13, 63-78.
  • Williams, J. M. G. ve Broadbent, K. (1986). Autobiographical Memory in Suicide Attempters. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95 (2), 144-149.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Filiz Sayar

Filiz Sayar

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Ocak 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2011Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Sayar, F., & Sayar, F. (2012). Otobiyografik Bellek ve Otobiyografik Belleği Etkileyen Değişkenler / Autobiographical Memory and Variables Affecting Autobiographical Memory. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 35(2), 19-33.

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