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Bağlanma Kuramı Açısından Yaşlılık Dönemine Genel Bir Bakış

Year 2012, Volume: 36 Issue: 1, 1 - 30, 29.03.2012

Murat Yıldız

Abstract

Özet: Yaşlılık dönemi, kronolojik, biyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyal yönleri olan kaçınılmaz bir süreçtir. İnsan ömrünün uzaması ve bunun doğal sonucu olarak yaşlı nüfusun artması nedeniyle yaşlılık günümüzde daha da önem kazanmıştır. İnsanların kendileri için önemli gördükleri kişilere karşı geliştirdikleri güçlü duygusal bağlar olarak tanımlanan bağlanma, uzun bir süredir araştırmacılar tarafından incelenmektedir. John Bowlby, bağlanma kuramını hayatın bütününü kapsayacak biçimde kavramlaştırmasına rağmen araştırmacılar özellikle yaşlı bireyler arasında bağlanma olgusunu inceleme konusunu biraz göz ardı etmişlerdir. Bağlanma kuramı, yaşamın ilk yıllarında oluşturulan bağlanma örüntülerinin içsel çalışan modeller aracılığıyla yaşamın daha sonraki dönemlerine pek fazla değişime uğramadan aktarıldığını ileri sürer. Bu makalede öncelikle bağlanma kuramına kısaca değinilmiş ve bağlanmanın yaşam döngüsü boyunca ilişkilerin temel bir özelliği olarak kaldığı gösterilmiştir. Daha sonra da, son dönemlerdeki kuramsal katkılarla yaşlı bireyler için yaşlanmaya bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan kronik hastalıklara uyum sağlama, bakım alan ile bakım veren arasındaki ilişkiler, sevilen birinin kaybına karşı gösterilen tepkiler ve iyi-olma hali gibi konuların bağlanmayla ilgili olduğunu destekleyen araştırma bulguları birlikte değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yaşlılık, bağlanma kuramı, yaşlı, yakın ilişkiler, yaşlanmayla ilişkili bağlanma konuları.

 

Abstract: Aging period is a chronological, biological, psychological and social process which cannot be avoided. Due to the expansion of overall life expectancy, elderly population has increased. Thus, elderliness has become social reality for many countries in recent years. Attachments which can be defined as a strong emotional bond with a specific person during life span have been studied by researches for many years. Although John Bowlby conceptualized attachment theory as applicable to the life span, researchers have just started to study the attachment theory specifically among the elderly. Attachment theory proposes that attachment patterns developed in the first stage of life are carried forward throughout the life course via internal working model. In this article, first of all, attachment theory is mentioned shortly and it is illustrated that attachment remains a key feature of relationships through life cycle. Then, recent theoretical contributions and research findings highlighting the persistence of attachment issues such as adaptation to chronic illness and relationships between a caregiver and care-recipient, reactions to the death of loved one and general well being associated with aging are evaluated together.

Key Words: Aging process, attachment theory, older adults, close relationships, attachment issues associated with aging.

Keywords

Yaşlılık bağlanma kuramı yaşlı yakın ilişkiler

References

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Year 2012, Volume: 36 Issue: 1, 1 - 30, 29.03.2012

Murat Yıldız

Abstract

References

  • Ainsworth, M.D.S. (1989). Attachments beyond infancy. American Psychologist, 44: 709-716.
  • Ainsworth, M.D.S., Blehar, M.C, Waters, E. & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Akbağ, M. & İmamoğlu, S.E. (2010). Cinsiyet ve bağlanma stillerinin utanç, suçluluk ve yalnızlık duygularını yordama gücünün araştırılması. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 10(2): 651-682.
  • Antonucci, T.C., Akiyama, H. & Takahashi, K. (2004). Attachment and close relationships across the life span. Attachment & Human Development, 6: 353–370.
  • Arslantaş, H. & Ergin, F. (2011). 50–65 yaş arasındaki bireylerde yalnızlık, depresyon, sosyal destek ve etki eden faktörler. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 14(2):135- 144.
  • Asendorpf, B.J. & Wilpers, S. (2000). Attachment security and available support: Closely linked relationship qualities. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 17(1): 115-138.
  • Bahar, A., Tutkun, H. & Sertbaş, G. (2005). Huzurevinde yaşayan yaşlıların anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 6: 227- 239.
  • Bartholomew, K. (1990). Avoidance of intimacy: An attachment perspective. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7: 147-178.
  • Bartholomew, K. & Horowitz, L.M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A tests of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2): 226-244.
  • Bartholomew, K. & Shaver, P.R. (1998). Methods of assessing adult attachment: Do they converge. J.A. Simpson & W.S. Rholes (Eds.) Attachment Theory and Close Relationships adlı eserin içinde ss. 25-45, New York: Guilford Press.
  • Bloom, B.L., Asher, S.J. & White, S.W. (1978). Marital disruption as a stressor: A review and analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 85: 867-894.
  • Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss. Volume 1: Attachment. London: Hogarth Press.
  • Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and Loss. Volume 2: Separation: Anxiety and Anger. London: Hogarth Press.
  • Bowlby, J. (1979). The Making and Breaking of Affectional Bonds. London: Tavistock.
  • Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and Loss. Volume 3: Sadness and Depression. London: Hogarth Press.
  • Bowlby, J. (1988). A Secure Base: Clinical Applications of Attachment Theory. London, Routledge.
  • Bradley, J.M. & Cafferty, T.P. (2001). Attachment among older adults: Current issues and directions for future research. Attachment & Human Development, 3(2): 200-221.
  • Bretherton, I. (1992). The origins of attachment theory: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Developmental Psychology, 28: 759-775.
  • Browne, C.J. & Shlosberg, E. (2005). Attachment behaviours and parent fixation in people with dementia: The role of cognitive functioning and pre-morbid attachment style. Aging & Mental Health, 9(2): 153-161.
  • Browne, C.J. & Shlosberg, E. (2006). Attachment theory, ageing and dementia: A review of the literature. Aging & Mental Health, 10(2): 134-142.
  • Buist, K.L., Dekovic, M., Meeus, W. & Van Aken, M.A.G. (2002). Developmental patterns in adolescent attachment to mother, father and sibling. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31: 167-176.
  • Cicirelli, V.G. (2004). God as the ultimate attachment figure for older adults. Attachment & Human Development, 6(4): 371-388.
  • Collins, N.L. & Read, S.J.(1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58: 644–663.
  • Consedine, N.S. & Magai, C. (2003). Attachment and emotion experience in later life: The view from emotions theory. Attachment & Human Development, 5(2): 165–187.
  • Cooper, M.L., Shaver, P.R. & Collins, N.L. (1998). Attachment styles, emotion regulation and adjustment in adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5): 1380-1397.
  • Cutcliffe, J. (2002). Understanding and working with bereavement. Mental Health Practice, 6(2): 30-37.
  • Çalışır, M. (2009). Yetişkin bağlanma kuramı ve duygulanım düzenleme stratejilerinin depresyonla ilişkisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 1: 240-255.
  • Çapan, B.E. (2009). Öğretmen adaylarının kişilerarası ilişkileri ve bağlanma stilleri arasındaki ilişki. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(2): 127-142.
  • Deniz, M.E. (2006). Ergenlerde bağlanma stilleri ile çocukluk istismarları ve suçluluk- utanç arasındaki ilişki. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 22: 89-99.
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There are 98 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Murat Yıldız

Publication Date March 29, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012Volume: 36 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yıldız, M. (2012). Bağlanma Kuramı Açısından Yaşlılık Dönemine Genel Bir Bakış. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 36(1), 1-30.

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