Afet ve Acil Durumlarda Risk Altındaki Grupların Ayrıştırılmış İhtiyaçları ve Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamaları

İlkay Başak Adıgüzel

TR EN

Afet ve Acil Durumlarda Risk Altındaki Grupların Ayrıştırılmış İhtiyaçları ve Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamaları

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, afet ve acil durumların (AAD) özel destek gereksinimi olan gruplar üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek ve bu grupların karşılaşabileceği risklerin azaltılmasında/ortadan kaldırılmasında sosyal hizmetin rolünü araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla, AAD sırasında ve sonrasında risk altındaki grupların ihtiyaçları ve bu ihtiyaçlara yönelik sosyal hizmet uygulamalarına ilişkin literatürün bir anlatı derlemesi yapılmıştır. Çalışma, AAD müdahalesini bütüncül bir yaklaşımla ele almakta ve çocuklar, kadınlar ve yaşlılar gibi farklı gruplara odaklanmaktadır. İçerik ulusal ve uluslararası araştırmalar, raporlar ve kavramsal yaklaşımlar üzerinden yapılandırılmış ve yorumlayıcı bir bakışla analiz edilmiştir. Derleme sonucunda, afet sonrası risk altındaki grupların ihtiyaçları ve insan hakları ile sosyal adalete dayalı sosyal hizmet uygulamaları temaları ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca sosyal destek ağları, dayanıklılık ve topluluk güçlenmesi gibi koruyucu faktörler belirlenmiş; kapsayıcı hazırlık, travma bilgili ve kişi merkezli destek ile bütüncül rehabilitasyona yönelik kanıta dayalı öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Differentiated Needs of At-Risk Groups in Disasters and Emergencies and Social Work Interventions

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the impacts of disasters and emergencies (DE) on groups with special support needs and to investigate the role of social work in reducing/eliminating the risks that these groups may face. For this purpose, a narrative review of the literature on the needs of at-risk groups during and after DE and on social work practices addressing these needs was conducted. The study adopts a holistic approach to disaster and emergency response and focuses on groups such as children, women, and older adults. The content was structured through national and international research, reports, and conceptual frameworks, and analyzed from an interpretive perspective. The review identified themes related to the needs of at-risk groups following disasters and social work practices grounded in human rights and social justice. In addition, protective factors such as social support networks, resilience, and community empowerment were identified; and evidence-based recommendations were presented for inclusive preparedness, trauma-informed and person-centered support, and holistic rehabilitation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Öz

Kaynakça

Alam, M., Gupta, S. D., Rosato-Scott, C., Shoaib, D. M., Ritu, A. H., Nowshin, R., Rahat, M. A., Akram, N., Rose, J., Evans, B. E., ve Barrington, D. (2024). Experiences of children’s self-wetting (including urinary incontinence) in Cox’s Bazar’s Rohingya refugee camps, Bangladesh. PLOS Global Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002362
Alexander, A. C., ve Ward, K. D. (2018). Understanding postdisaster substance use and psychological distress using concepts from the self-medication hypothesis and social cognitive theory. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 50(2), 177–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2017.1397304
Al-Rousan, T. M., Rubenstein, L. M., ve Wallace, R. B. (2018). Preparedness for natural disasters among older US adults: A nationwide survey. American Journal of Public Health, 108(1), 112–118. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304200
Azad, A. K., Hossain, K. M., ve Nasreen, M. (2013). Flood-induced vulnerabilities and problems encountered by women in northern Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 4(4), 190–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-013-0020-z
Bizzarri, M. (2012). Protection of vulnerable groups in natural and man-made disasters. In A. de Guttry, M. Gestri, ve G. Venturini (Eds.), International disaster response law. The Hague, The Netherlands: T.M.C. Asser Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-882-8_16
Boals, A., Steward, J. M., ve Schuettler, D. (2010). Advancing our understanding of posttraumatic growth by considering event centrality. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 15(6), 518–533. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2010.519271
Bokszczanin, A. (2007). PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents 28 months after a flood: Age and gender differences. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20(3), 347–351.
Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 59(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.59.1.20

Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241–258). New York, NY: Greenwood Press.
Brown, L. M., Hyer, K., ve Polivka-West, L. (2022). A comparative study of older adults' experiences during hurricanes: Implications for disaster preparedness and response. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 65(3), 245–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2022.2034234
Chagnon, F. (2007). Coping mechanisms, stressful events and suicidal behavior among youth admitted to juvenile justice and child welfare services. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 37(4), 439–452.
Core Humanitarian Standard Alliance. (2018). Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability. https://www.corehumanitarianstandard.org/the-standard
DeYoung, S. E. (2021). Vulnerable groups during crisis. In E. Hannah (Ed.), Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1565
Dewi, K. L. P., ve Dartanto, T. (2018). Natural disasters and girls’ vulnerability: Is child marriage a coping strategy of economic shocks in Indonesia? Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 14, 24–35.
Dominelli, L. (2012). Green social work: From environmental crises to environmental justice. Polity Press. Doore, K. V. E., ve Nhep, R. (2021). Providing protection or enabling exploitation? Orphanages and modern slavery in post-disaster contexts. Journal of Modern Slavery, 6(3), 46–61.
Durkin, M. S., Khan, N., Davidson, L. L., Zaman, S. S., ve Stein, Z. A. (1993). The effects of a natural disaster on child behavior: Evidence for posttraumatic stress. American Journal of Public Health, 83(11), 1549–1553. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.83.11.1549
Eidlitz-Markus, T., Shuper, A., ve Amir, J. (2000). Secondary enuresis: Post-traumatic stress disorder in children after car accidents. Israel Medical Association Journal, 2(2), 135–137.
Enarson, E. (2012). Women building disaster resilient communities: Strengthening the social fabric. In F. Krüger, G. Bankoff, T. Cannon, B. Orlowski, ve E. F. Schipper (Eds.), Rethinking disaster risk reduction: An interdisciplinary approach. Routledge.
Fatema, S. R., East, L., Islam, S., ve Usher, K. (2023). Gender-based vulnerabilities for women during natural disasters in Bangladesh. Frontiers in Communication, 8, 1180406. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1180406
Fisher, J. (2010). Gender issues in disaster risk reduction. In A. Enarson ve P. Chakrabarti (Eds.), Women, gender and disaster: Global issues and initiatives. SAGE Publications.
Furr, J. M., Comer, J. S., Edmunds, J. M., ve Kendall, P. C. (2010). Disasters and youth: A meta-analytic examination of posttraumatic stress. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(6), 765–780. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021482
Gaillard, J. C., Gorman-Murray, A., ve Fordham, M. (2017). Gender and sexual minorities in disaster. Gender, Place and Culture, 24(1), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2016.1263438
Gibson, A., Walsh, J., ve Brown, L. M. (2018). A perfect storm: Challenges encountered by family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s disease during natural disasters. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 61(7), 775–788.
Gilkey, S. (2010). Vulnerability and disaster: Risk and resilience in the context of developmental competencies in children and teens. In D. Gillespie ve K. Danso (Eds.), Disaster concepts and issues: A guide for social work education and practice. CSWE Press
Green, B. L., Korol, M., Grace, M. C., Vary, M. G., Leonard, A. C., Gleser, G. C., ve Smitson-Cohen, S. (1991). Children and disaster: Age, gender, and parental effects on PTSD symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child ve Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(6), 945–951.
Harms, L., Boddy, J., Hickey, L., Hay, K., Alexander, M., Briggs, L., Cooper, L., Alston, M., Fronek, P., Howard, A., Adamson, C., ve Hazeleger, T. (2022). Post-disaster social work research: A scoping review of the evidence for practice. International Social Work, 65(3), 434–456. https://doi.org/10.1177/002087282090413
Hatiboğlu Eren, B. (2016). Sosyal çalışma açısından insani ihtiyaçların değerlendirilmesine ilişkin modeller ve feminist katkılar. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 27(1), 161–178.
Hayata Destek. (2023). Acil durum raporu (12.07.2023). Retrieved from https://www.hayatadestek.org
Hoffman, S. (2009). Preparing for disaster: Protecting the most vulnerable in emergencies. UC Davis Law Review, 42(5), 1491–1547.https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/faculty_publications/9
Housing and Land Rights Network. (2015). Protecting human rights in disaster response: Guidelines for state and non-state actors. HLRN. https://hlrn.org.in/documents/Protecting_Human_Rights_in_Disaster_Response_HLRN.pdf
Human Rights Watch. (2023, April 5). Turkey: Police and gendarmerie abuses in earthquake zone. https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/04/05/turkey-police-and-gendarmerie-abuses-earthquake-zone
Ikeda, K. (1995). Gender differences in human loss and vulnerability in natural disasters: A case study from Bangladesh. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 2(2), 171–193. https://doi.org/10.1177/097152159500200202
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies [IFRC]. (2022). World disasters report 2022: Trust, equity and local action. https://www.ifrc.org/document/world-disasters-report-2022
International Labour Organization. (2021). World employment and social outlook: Trends 2021. Geneva: ILO.
International Organization for Migration. (2021). Migration and disaster risk reduction: Connecting policy and practice. Geneva: IOM.
Iyer, A., Bookstein, A., Kim, G., ve Po, J. (2025). Community-based solutions for chronic disease management during natural disasters: A systematic review. PLOS Global Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0004997
Javadian, R. (2007). Social work responses to earthquake disasters: A social work intervention in Bam, Iran. International Social Work, 50(3), 334–346. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872807076047
Jokovic-Wroe, D., Collingburn, L., Reidy, N., ve Williamson, B. (2025). Intersectionality between young people, environmental disasters and the criminal justice system in Australia. Frontiers in Human Dynamics, 7, 1601603. https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2025.1601603
Juvenile Justice Project of Louisiana. (2006). Treated like trash: Juvenile detention in New Orleans before, during, and after Hurricane Katrina.
Kaplan, A. (2024). Play and its effects in child development: Review article. Anatolian Journal of Mental Health, 1(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11351186
Kaymakcı, Y. S., ve Aca, Z. (2024). Deprem’den Soma’ya: Yeni bir hayata başlama deneyimlerine ve algılarına ilişkin nitel bir çalışma. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 35(3), 421–444. https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.1368343
Klein, A. (2008). Sexual violence in disasters: A planning guide for prevention and response. National Sexual Violence Resource Center.
Kolay Çepni, G., ve Yavuz, S. (2023). Afetler sonrası çocuk koruma riskleri ve sosyal hizmet müdahaleleri. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 34(2), 215–234
Lee, Y. S., Behn, M., ve Rexrode, K. M. (2021). Women’s health in times of emergency: We must take action. Journal of Women’s Health, 30(3), 289–292. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2020.8600
Mahlangu, P., Gibbs, A., Shai, N., et al. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 lockdown and link to women and children’s experiences of violence in the home in South Africa. BMC Public Health, 22, 1029. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13422-3
Maner, M., Behne, M. F., Cullins, Z., Cowan, K. N., Peterson, M., ve Brinkley-Rubinstein, L. (2022). Where do you go when your prison cell floods? Inadequacy of current climate disaster plans of US departments of correction. American Journal of Public Health, 112(10), 1382–1384. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307044
Max-Neef, M. A. (1991). Human scale development: Conception, application and further reflections. New York, NY: Apex Press.
Miller, K. E., ve Rasmussen, A. (2010). War exposure, daily stressors, and mental health in conflict and post-conflict settings: Bridging the divide between trauma-focused and psychosocial frameworks. Social Science ve Medicine, 70(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.029
Mohammadi, S., Abbasi-Shavazi, M. J., ve Hosseini-Chavoshi, M. (2023). Migrants’ vulnerability and disaster risk reduction: The role of social exclusion and language barriers. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 85, 103456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103456
Morales, D. X. (2025). Natural disaster vulnerability among people with disabilities: Insights from the 2024 Household Pulse Survey. Disability and Health Journal, 18(2), 101763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101763
Neumayer, E., ve Plümper, T. (2007). The gendered nature of natural disasters: The impact of catastrophic events on the gender gap in life expectancy, 1981–2002. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 97(3), 551–566.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00563.x
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2019). Children’s right to privacy and protection in media.
Okay, N., ve İlkkaracan, İ. (2018). Toplumsal cinsiyete duyarlı afet risk yönetimi. Resilience, 2(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.32569/resilience.431075
Peet, J., ve Bossel, H. (2000). An ethics-based system approach to indicators of sustainable development. International Journal of Sustainable Development, 3(3), 1–5.
Peek, L. (2023). Children and disasters: Understanding vulnerability, developing capacities, and promoting resilience—An introduction. Children, Youth and Environments, 18(1), 1–29.
Peterman, A., O’Donnell, M., ve Palermo, T. (2021). Natural hazards, disasters and violence against women and girls: A global mixed-methods systematic review. BMJ Global Health, 6(4), e004377. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004377
Piquero, A. R., Jennings, W. G., Jemison, E., Kaukinen, C., ve Knaul, F. M. (2021). Domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Criminal Justice, 74, 101806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2021.101806
Seddighi, H., ve Salmani, I. (2020). Child abuse in disasters. Cambridge Open Engage. https://doi.org/10.33774/coe-2020-kgts8
Seddighi, H., Salmani, I., Javadi, M. H., ve Seddighi, S. (2021). Child abuse in natural disasters and conflicts: A systematic review. Trauma, Violence ve Abuse, 22(1), 176–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838019835973
Silove, D., Ventevogel, P., ve Rees, S. (2017). The contemporary refugee crisis: An overview of mental health challenges. World Psychiatry, 16(2), 130–139. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20438
Smith, G. R., Jones, K. L., ve Patel, M. (2020). Age-related vulnerabilities in disaster response: Implications for public health policy. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 26(5), 467–473. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001069
Sphere Association. (2018a). The Sphere handbook: Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response (4th ed.). Sphere Association. https://spherestandards.org/handbook-2018/
Sphere Association. (2018b). The core humanitarian standard on quality and accountability. Sphere Association
Stephens, J. H., ve Lassa, J. A. (2020). Sexual and reproductive health during disasters: A scoping review of the evidence. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 50, 101733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101733
Stimpson, J. P., Rashed, A. L., Pandya, J., Baudot, E. C., Whitfill, J., ve Ortega, A. N. (2025). Health equity in the wake of disasters and extreme weather: Evidence from an umbrella review. Health Affairs Scholar, 3(11), qxaf207. https://doi.org/10.1093/haschl/qxaf207
Stough, L. M., ve Kang, D. (2015). The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and persons with disabilities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 6, 210–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-015-0051-8
Szilágyi, B. (2020). Humanitarian action to empower the most vulnerable social groups in disasters and complex emergencies. Biztonságtudományi Szemle, különszám, 61–75. https://epa.oszk.hu/04100/04186/00007/pdf/EPA04186_biztud_szemle_2020_ksz_061-075.pdf
Tetreault, K., Alalouf, T., ve Schuler, A. (2024). Gender and gender-based violence in disaster contexts in Canada: A systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 105, 104297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104297
Thurston, A. M., Stöckl, H., ve Ranganathan, M. (2021). Natural hazards, disasters and violence against women and girls: A global mixed-methods systematic review. BMJ Global Health, 6(4), e004377.https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004377
United Nations Children’s Fund. (2019). Humanitarian action for children 2020. New York, NY: UNICEF. https://www.unicef.org/reports/humanitarian-action-children-2020
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2018). UNHCR policy on age, gender and diversity. UNHCR. https://www.unhcr.org/protection/women/5aa13c0c7/unhcr-policy-age-gender-diversity.html
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2020a). Emergency handbook. UNHCR. https://emergency.unhcr.org/
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2020b). Policy on age, gender and diversity. UNHCR. https://www.unhcr.org/5aa13c0c7.pdf
United Nations Human Settlements Programme. (2020a). Cities and pandemics: Towards a more just, green and healthy future. Nairobi, Kenya: UN-Habitat. https://unhabitat.org/cities-and-pandemics-towards-a-more-just-green-and-healthy-future
United Nations Human Settlements Programme. (2020b). World cities report 2020: The value of sustainable urbanization. UN-Habitat. https://unhabitat.org/wcr/
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2022). Global assessment report on disaster risk reduction 2022. Geneva, Switzerland: UNDRR. https://www.undrr.org/gar2022
Ünlü, İ. İ. (2024). Afetlerde refakatsiz ve kimliği belirlenemeyen çocukların korunması sürecinde tıbbi sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının rol ve görevleri: 6 Şubat depremi örneği. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 7(3), 728–742. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1462622
Walters, V., ve Gaillard, J. C. (2014). Disaster risk at the margins: Homelessness, vulnerability and hazards. Habitat International, 44, 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.06.006
World Health Organization. (2018). Health of refugees and migrants: Practices in addressing the health needs of refugees and migrants. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/health-of-refugees-and-migrants-practices-in-addressing-the-health-needs-of-refugees-and-migrants
World Health Organization. (2020). Disability considerations for COVID-19 response. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Disability-2020-1

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Türkçe

Konular

Danışmanlık, Refah ve Toplum Hizmetleri

Bölüm

Derleme

Yazarlar

İlkay Başak Adıgüzel ^*
0000-0002-6990-7212
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Temmuz 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

21 Mayıs 2026

Kabul Tarihi

30 Temmuz 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 50 Sayı: 2

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA65PZ42MR

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Adıgüzel, İ. B. (2026). Afet ve Acil Durumlarda Risk Altındaki Grupların Ayrıştırılmış İhtiyaçları ve Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamaları. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 50(2), 129-140. https://izlik.org/JA65PZ42MR

AMA

1.Adıgüzel İB. Afet ve Acil Durumlarda Risk Altındaki Grupların Ayrıştırılmış İhtiyaçları ve Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamaları. CUJOSS. 2026;50(2):129-140. https://izlik.org/JA65PZ42MR

Chicago

Adıgüzel, İlkay Başak. 2026. “Afet ve Acil Durumlarda Risk Altındaki Grupların Ayrıştırılmış İhtiyaçları ve Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamaları”. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 50 (2): 129-40. https://izlik.org/JA65PZ42MR.

EndNote

Adıgüzel İB (01 Temmuz 2026) Afet ve Acil Durumlarda Risk Altındaki Grupların Ayrıştırılmış İhtiyaçları ve Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamaları. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 50 2 129–140.

IEEE

[1]İ. B. Adıgüzel, “Afet ve Acil Durumlarda Risk Altındaki Grupların Ayrıştırılmış İhtiyaçları ve Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamaları”, CUJOSS, c. 50, sy 2, ss. 129–140, Tem. 2026, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA65PZ42MR

ISNAD

Adıgüzel, İlkay Başak. “Afet ve Acil Durumlarda Risk Altındaki Grupların Ayrıştırılmış İhtiyaçları ve Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamaları”. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 50/2 (01 Temmuz 2026): 129-140. https://izlik.org/JA65PZ42MR.

JAMA

1.Adıgüzel İB. Afet ve Acil Durumlarda Risk Altındaki Grupların Ayrıştırılmış İhtiyaçları ve Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamaları. CUJOSS. 2026;50:129–140.

MLA

Adıgüzel, İlkay Başak. “Afet ve Acil Durumlarda Risk Altındaki Grupların Ayrıştırılmış İhtiyaçları ve Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamaları”. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 50, sy 2, Temmuz 2026, ss. 129-40, https://izlik.org/JA65PZ42MR.

Vancouver

1.İlkay Başak Adıgüzel. Afet ve Acil Durumlarda Risk Altındaki Grupların Ayrıştırılmış İhtiyaçları ve Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamaları. CUJOSS [Internet]. 01 Temmuz 2026;50(2):129-40. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA65PZ42MR